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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute to...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment00:59

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Magnetic Moment

All atomic nuclei are positively charged. When they have a nonzero spin, they behave like rotating charges. As a consequence of their charge and spin, these nuclei generate a magnetic field (B). This, in turn, gives rise to a magnetic moment (μ), which is randomly oriented in the absence of an external magnetic field. When an external magnetic field (B0) is applied, the magnetic moment vectors can align with the field or against it in 2 + 1 orientations. A hydrogen nucleus, which is just a...
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...

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Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR
10:54

Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Instrumentation for Real-time Enzymatic Reaction Rate Measurements by NMR

Published on: February 23, 2016

Dynamic nuclear polarization with single electron spins.

J R Petta1, J M Taylor, A C Johnson

  • 1Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford St., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|March 21, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a method to polarize nuclear spins in a GaAs double quantum dot using pulsed gates. This technique allows for precise control over nuclear spin polarization via gate voltage, achieving significant Overhauser fields.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Spintronics
  • Semiconductor Physics

Background:

  • Controlling nuclear spins is crucial for quantum computing.
  • GaAs double quantum dots are promising platforms for spin qubits.
  • Hyperfine interactions mediate electron and nuclear spin coupling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for polarizing nuclear spins in a GaAs double quantum dot.
  • To achieve precise control over nuclear spin polarization using gate voltages.
  • To investigate the dynamics of electron and nuclear spin interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing pulsed gate control to manipulate two-electron spin states.
  • Exploiting the anticrossing between singlet (S) and triplet (T+) states.
  • Employing hyperfine fields to drive spin rotations and nuclear spin "flopping".

Main Results:

  • Achieved significant nuclear spin polarization, with Overhauser fields approaching 80 mT.
  • Demonstrated a self-limiting pulse sequence for setting steady-state nuclear polarization.
  • Validated results with a simple rate-equation model.

Conclusions:

  • The developed pulsed gate technique effectively polarizes nuclear spins in GaAs double quantum dots.
  • Gate voltage control offers a precise way to tune nuclear spin polarization.
  • This method advances the control of spin states for quantum applications.