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Related Concept Videos

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...

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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency
07:08

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Published on: February 2, 2024

The reprogramming language of pluripotency.

G Grant Welstead1, Patrick Schorderet, Laurie A Boyer

  • 1Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, United States.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|March 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists identified key transcription factors that can reprogram somatic cells to a pluripotent state. This breakthrough in cell fate manipulation has significant implications for developmental biology and regenerative medicine.

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RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

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Reprogramming Primary Amniotic Fluid and Membrane Cells to Pluripotency in Xeno-free Conditions
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RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Lineage-specific transcription factors and epigenetic modifiers are crucial for gene expression during metazoan development.
  • Recent studies identified specific transcription factors capable of inducing pluripotency in somatic cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of transcription factors in cell fate reprogramming.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of pluripotency.

Main Methods:

  • Ectopic expression of identified transcription factors via retroviral transduction.
  • Reprogramming of somatic nuclei to a pluripotent state in mouse and human cells.

Main Results:

  • A defined set of transcription factors was identified as sufficient for inducing pluripotency.
  • Demonstrated the ability to manipulate cell fate in vitro by rewiring transcriptional networks.

Conclusions:

  • The findings highlight the potential of molecular-level transcriptional network manipulation for cell fate control.
  • These advancements hold significant promise for understanding development, disease, and therapeutic applications of stem cells.