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Contraction stress determinants in dimethacrylate composites.

F Gonçalves1, C S Pfeifer, J L Ferracane

  • 1Dept. of Biomaterials and Oral Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2227, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

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Polymerization stress in dental composites is influenced by organic content. Lower bisphenylglycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) and higher triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) content correlated with increased stress, conversion, and shrinkage.

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • The development of polymerization stress in dental composites is a critical factor influencing clinical performance and longevity.
  • Understanding the relationship between composite composition and stress development is essential for optimizing material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of varying bisphenylglycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) concentrations, with triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and/or ethoxylated bisphenol-A dimethacrylate (BisEMA) as co-monomers, on polymerization stress.
  • To determine the correlation between polymerization stress and key parameters such as degree of conversion, volumetric shrinkage, elastic modulus, and polymerization rate.

Main Methods:

  • Polymerization stress was measured using a tensilometer.
  • Volumetric shrinkage was quantified via mercury dilatometry.
  • Elastic modulus was determined through flexural testing.
  • Degree of conversion was assessed using FT-Raman spectroscopy.
  • Reaction rate was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry.

Main Results:

  • Composites with lower BisGMA content and those incorporating TEGDMA exhibited significantly higher polymerization stress, degree of conversion, volumetric shrinkage, and elastic modulus.
  • Polymerization rates were generally consistent across formulations, with a notable exception of a lower rate observed in the composite containing 66% TEGDMA.
  • Linear regression analysis revealed strong associations between polymerization stress and degree of conversion (R²=0.905), volumetric shrinkage (R²=0.825), and elastic modulus (R²=0.623).

Conclusions:

  • The organic composition of dental composites, particularly the ratio of BisGMA to co-monomers like TEGDMA, significantly impacts polymerization stress development.
  • Degree of conversion, volumetric shrinkage, and elastic modulus are key contributors to the observed polymerization stress.
  • Formulations with reduced BisGMA and the inclusion of TEGDMA may lead to higher polymerization stress, necessitating careful consideration in clinical application.