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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy

Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the colonic...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...

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Chronic Salmonella Infection Induced Intestinal Fibrosis
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Microbial host interactions in IBD: implications for pathogenesis and therapy.

R Balfour Sartor1, Marcus Muehlbauer

  • 1Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #7032, Room 7309, Medical Biomolecular Research Building, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA. rbs@med.unc.edu

Current Gastroenterology Reports
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis involve immune responses to gut microbes. Understanding these complex mechanisms is key to developing targeted therapies for better patient outcomes.

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Published on: January 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Immunology
  • Microbiome Research

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and pouchitis, are linked to aberrant T-cell responses against gut microbiota antigens.
  • Genetic predisposition influences susceptibility through mechanisms affecting bacterial clearance, mucosal integrity, and immune regulation.
  • Environmental factors interact with genetic susceptibility to trigger or exacerbate intestinal inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore novel concepts in the pathogenesis of IBD, focusing on the role of the enteric microbiota.
  • To highlight the heterogeneity of disease mechanisms in IBD and pouchitis.
  • To address the unrealized therapeutic potential of microbiota modulation in IBD.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of current research on IBD pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of new findings regarding bacterial interactions with the intestinal epithelium.
  • Examination of molecular techniques for detecting alterations in enteric microbiota composition.

Main Results:

  • Defective bacterial killing by innate immune cells is implicated in CD pathogenesis.
  • Specific strains of Escherichia coli in the ileum of CD patients exhibit invasive and resistant properties.
  • Molecular analyses reveal distinct alterations in the gut microbiota of CD, UC, and pouchitis patients.

Conclusions:

  • IBD pathogenesis involves complex interactions between host genetics, environmental triggers, and the gut microbiota.
  • The heterogeneity of IBD mechanisms necessitates individualized therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting the enteric microbiota holds significant therapeutic promise but requires personalized approaches, including antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and novel microbial therapies.