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Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any finite,...
Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass filters, manage...
Gain01:15

Gain

Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
Gain:
Suppose Vin is the input and Vout is the output signal to a circuit.
Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

Transmission Line Design Considerations

Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator
08:39

Shaping the Amplitude and Phase of Laser Beams by Using a Phase-only Spatial Light Modulator

Published on: January 28, 2019

Linear phase slope in pulse design: application to coherence transfer.

Naum I Gershenzon1, Thomas E Skinner, Bernhard Brutscher

  • 1Department of Physics, The Wright State University, 3640 Colonel John F. Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435-0001, USA.

Journal of Magnetic Resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)
|April 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

New robust broadband excitation pulses, called ICEBERG pulses, offer increased bandwidth and efficiency. These pulses utilize inherent coherence evolution and linear phase gradients, reducing time overhead in applications like heteronuclear coupling evolution.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

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08:39

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Published on: January 28, 2019

Measurement of X-ray Beam Coherence along Multiple Directions Using 2-D Checkerboard Phase Grating
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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Quantum Control

Background:

  • Designing robust broadband excitation pulses is crucial for efficient magnetic resonance applications.
  • Existing methods often require phase correction or have limitations in bandwidth and robustness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and characterize a new class of excitation pulses with defined linear phase dispersion, termed ICEBERG pulses.
  • To investigate the dependence of excitation efficiency on phase dispersion for improved pulse sequence performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing optimal control methods to design broadband excitation pulses with specific linear phase dispersion.
  • Systematically studying the relationship between excitation efficiency and phase dispersion.

Main Results:

  • ICEBERG pulses achieve increased bandwidth for a given pulse length compared to pulses without phase correction.
  • These pulses can mitigate relaxation effects and emulate ideal hard pulses followed by effective evolution.
  • A portion of the pulse duration can be absorbed into existing delays, reducing overall time overhead.

Conclusions:

  • ICEBERG pulses offer significant advantages in terms of bandwidth, robustness, and time efficiency.
  • The defined linear phase dispersion provides surprising opportunities for enhancing pulse sequence performance in magnetic resonance.