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Related Concept Videos

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
Cross-Sectional Research01:50

Cross-Sectional Research

In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
Surveys02:16

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Repeated Measures, Cross-Over, Carry-Over, and Latin Square Designs

Bioequivalence experimental study designs play a pivotal role in testing the effectiveness of various treatments. Key among these are the repeated measures, cross-over, carry-over, and Latin square designs. In the repeated measures design, each subject receives all treatments, allowing for temporal comparisons. This type of design is useful in reducing variability but requires careful planning to avoid bias.The cross-over design, an economical method, involves sequential administration of...
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Longitudinal Research

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
10:39

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

Methodological and conceptual issues confronting a cross-country Delphi study of educational program evaluation.

Hsin-Ling Hung1, James W Altschuld, Yi-Fang Lee

  • 1Evaluation Services Center, University of Cincinnati, PO Box 21015, One Edwards Center, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0105, USA.

Evaluation and Program Planning
|April 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study details challenges in electronic Delphi surveys for educational program evaluation (EPE) in the Asia-Pacific region, offering solutions for future research.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning
10:39

Qualitative and Quantitative Validation of Tools with Rating Scales Aimed at Assessing the Quality of University Service-Learning

Published on: August 29, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Educational research methodology
  • Program evaluation techniques
  • Asia-Pacific regional studies

Background:

  • The Delphi technique is a widely used research method.
  • Limited research exists on specific methodological issues within the Delphi technique.
  • Electronic Delphi surveys present unique challenges in implementation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the strengths, limitations, and challenges of the Delphi technique.
  • To share experiences and problems encountered during an electronic Delphi study on educational program evaluation (EPE).
  • To provide insights for future Delphi studies in similar contexts.

Main Methods:

  • An electronic Delphi survey was conducted in the Asia-Pacific region for EPE.
  • The study describes the methodology and discusses encountered difficulties.
  • Attempts to resolve issues related to participant recruitment, sample size, instrumentation, data collection, and analysis are detailed.

Main Results:

  • Difficulties were encountered in participant recruitment and selection.
  • Challenges related to sample size, instrumentation, data collection, and analysis were identified.
  • Some problems were generic to the Delphi method, while others were specific to the EPE investigation.

Conclusions:

  • The experiences and solutions derived from this electronic Delphi study offer valuable lessons.
  • Findings are intended to guide and improve the execution of future Delphi surveys, particularly in educational program evaluation.
  • Addressing methodological challenges is crucial for the successful application of the Delphi technique in diverse research settings.