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Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health01:25

Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
Vitamin A
Vitamin A is involved in the process of bone remodeling. Retinoic acid, the active metabolite of Vitamin A, has nuclear receptors in osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which are involved in bone remodeling.
Vitamin B12
Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor during the formation of osteoblast-related proteins, such as osteocalcin. Vitamin B12 plays a role...
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
06:17

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Published on: November 6, 2014

Androgens as anabolic agents for bone.

E S Orwoll1

  • 1Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Portland VA Medical Center, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR 97207, USA.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|April 1, 1996
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Androgens promote tissue growth and increase skeletal mass, especially during development. However, their anabolic effects on bone in later life remain debated for therapeutic bone mass increase.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Skeletal Physiology

Background:

  • Androgens are recognized as anabolic agents with proven positive effects on proliferation and growth across various tissues.
  • Evidence indicates androgen action contributes to increased skeletal mass, particularly during the growth phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the anabolic role of androgens in bone tissue.
  • To determine if androgens can be considered anabolic in the skeleton later in life for therapeutic bone mass increase.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing scientific literature on androgen effects in bone.
  • Analysis of studies examining skeletal mass changes in relation to androgen action.

Main Results:

  • Abundant evidence supports positive androgen effects on proliferation and growth in many tissues.
  • Clear evidence shows androgen action is associated with increased skeletal mass during growth.

Conclusions:

  • Androgens are confirmed anabolic agents in many tissues and during skeletal growth.
  • The anabolic capacity of androgens in the adult skeleton for therapeutic purposes requires further investigation.