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Related Concept Videos

Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:23

Hypothyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

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Related Experiment Videos

The thyroid and osteoporosis.

J A Franklyn1, M C Sheppard

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|May 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subtle hyperthyroidism, often seen in patients on thyroxine (T4) therapy, may lead to reduced bone density. Further research is needed to confirm risks for fractures in all populations.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Metabolism
  • Thyroid Disorders

Background:

  • Sophisticated thyroid function tests reveal frequent subclinical hyperthyroidism.
  • Subclinical hyperthyroidism is particularly noted in patients undergoing thyroxine (T4) replacement therapy.
  • Emerging evidence links this condition to diminished bone mineral density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of reduced bone density in patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism.
  • To determine if bone density changes occur across diverse age groups and sexes.
  • To assess the clinical significance of these bone density changes regarding osteoporotic fracture risk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced thyroid function assays.
  • Conducting bone density assessments.
  • Analyzing data across various demographic cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Subclinical hyperthyroidism is increasingly detected.
  • Preliminary findings suggest a correlation between hyperthyroidism and reduced bone density.
  • Further investigation is warranted to establish causality and clinical relevance.

Conclusions:

  • Subclinical hyperthyroidism, especially during T4 therapy, may impact bone health.
  • The clinical relevance of bone density reduction requires further study across all populations.
  • Prudent management of thyroid hormone replacement therapy is advised to prevent excessive hormone levels.