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Bacterial circadian programs.

C H Johnson1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology
|April 19, 2008
PubMed
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Cyanobacteria possess a circadian clock driven by KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC proteins. This biochemical oscillator, reconstituted in vitro, demonstrates that posttranslational mechanisms alone can generate circadian rhythms, challenging previous notions about prokaryotic simplicity.

Area of Science:

  • * Chronobiology and molecular biology.
  • * Prokaryotic and cyanobacterial systems.
  • * Biochemistry and biophysics of biological clocks.

Background:

  • * Historically, prokaryotes were considered too simple to possess circadian rhythms.
  • * Cyanobacteria have emerged as a key model system for studying circadian clock phenomena.
  • * The adaptive significance of circadian systems has been rigorously assessed in cyanobacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the cyanobacterial circadian clock.
  • * To determine if a transcription-translation feedback loop is essential for circadian rhythms.
  • * To explore the sufficiency of posttranslational mechanisms in generating circadian oscillations.

Main Methods:

  • * Structural determination of core oscillator proteins: KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC.

Related Experiment Videos

  • * In vitro reconstitution of a biochemical oscillator using purified Kai proteins.
  • * Analysis of temperature-compensated rhythmicity in the reconstituted system.

    • Main Results:

    • * All essential proteins of the cyanobacterial core oscillator (KaiA, KaiB, KaiC) have been crystallized and structurally determined.
    • * A biochemical oscillator reconstituted in vitro with these three proteins exhibits temperature-compensated rhythmicity.
    • * This demonstrates that a strictly posttranslational clock mechanism is sufficient for circadian phenomena.

    Conclusions:

    • * Circadian rhythms can be generated by posttranslational mechanisms, independent of transcription-translation feedback loops.
    • * The cyanobacterial circadian system provides a powerful model for detailed biophysical and biochemical analyses of clockwork.
    • * Structural and reconstituted biochemical data offer unprecedented molecular insights into circadian clock function.