Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions

Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH), or Type IV hypersensitivity, is a cell-mediated immune response. It occurs when T cells, rather than antibodies, mediate a reaction to specific antigens. It is characterized by a delayed onset (1-2 days) and involves the recruitment of macrophages to the inflammation site.The initiation of a DTH response begins with the sensitization of T cells. During this phase, which lasts at least 1-2 weeks, antigen-specific T cells are activated, clonally expanded, and...

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivities

Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
Types of Hypersensitivities
Hypersensitivity reactions are categorized into four types: Type 1, Type 2, Type 3, and Type 4. Each type has a distinct mechanism...

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Complex Reactions

Type III hypersensitivity reactions occur when antigen–antibody complexes form and activate the complement system. Normally, these complexes help the clearance of antigens by phagocytes and red blood cells. However, when large numbers of immune complexes are present, they can deposit in tissues—particularly in the walls of blood vessels—leading to inflammation and tissue injury. These deposits trigger complement activation and neutrophil recruitment, resulting in serum sickness, a systemic...

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic Drug Reactions

Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Expression of mRNA of chemokine receptor CXCR4 in feline mammary adenocarcinoma.

The Veterinary record·2003

Same author

RANTES-induced chemokine cascade in dendritic cells.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2001

Same author

CD40-mediated activation of T cells accelerates, but is not required for, encephalitogenic potential of myelin basic protein-recognizing T cells in a model of progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

European journal of immunology·2001

Same author

Cutting edge: ectopic expression of the chemokine TCA4/SLC is sufficient to trigger lymphoid neogenesis.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2001

Same author

Astrocytes express functional chemokine receptors.

Journal of neuroimmunology·2000

Same author

Macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and KC induce chemokine production by mouse astrocytes.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2000

Same journal

A Comprehensive Experimental Guide to Studying Cross-Presentation in Dendritic Cells In Vitro.

Current protocols in immunology·2020

Same journal

Immunologic Studies in Humans.

Current protocols in immunology·2020

Same journal

Immunologic Studies in Humans.

Current protocols in immunology·2020

Same journal

Immunologic Studies in Humans.

Current protocols in immunology·2020

Same journal

Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Cell Surface Antigens.

Current protocols in immunology·2020

Same journal

Protocols for Experimental Sjögren's Syndrome.

Current protocols in immunology·2020

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats

Published on: July 19, 2007

Delayed-type hypersensitivity.

Y Luo¹, M E Dorf

¹Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massacusetts, USA.

Current Protocols in Immunology

|April 25, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a protocol for stimulating delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in mice. The method focuses on inducing DTH using the hapten 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (NP-O-Su) for cell-mediated immunity research.

More Related Videos

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Induction and Monitoring of Adoptive Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Rats

Induction and Monitoring of Adoptive Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Rats

Published on: October 1, 2007

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats

Induction and Monitoring of Active Delayed Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in Rats

Published on: July 19, 2007

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Trans-vivo Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Assay for Antigen Specific Regulation

Published on: May 2, 2013

Induction and Monitoring of Adoptive Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Rats

Induction and Monitoring of Adoptive Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity in Rats

Published on: October 1, 2007

Area of Science:

Immunology
Cellular immunology
Hypersensitivity research

Background:

Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) is a critical in vivo assay for evaluating cell-mediated immune function.
DTH responses involve distinct sensitization and efferent phases, typically occurring 6-14 days post-immunization.
Understanding DTH mechanisms is vital for diagnosing and treating immune-related disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a detailed protocol for stimulating DTH responses in a murine model.
To establish a reproducible method for inducing DTH using a specific hapten.
To facilitate research into the cellular mechanisms underlying DTH.

Main Methods:

The protocol involves sensitizing mice with a specific antigen.
The efferent phase is initiated by challenging sensitized mice.
The hapten 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl O-succinimide ester (NP-O-Su) is used for immunization.

Main Results:

The described protocol successfully stimulates DTH responses in mice.
The method allows for the study of DTH kinetics following sensitization.
NP-O-Su serves as an effective antigen for inducing DTH in this model.

Conclusions:

This unit presents a standardized protocol for DTH induction in mice.
The protocol enables reliable investigation of cell-mediated immunity.
The method is valuable for immunological research and DTH studies.