Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 5, 2026
07:06
Prediction of HIV-1 Coreceptor Usage (Tropism) by Sequence Analysis using a Genotypic Approach
Published on: December 1, 2011
[Maraviroc: clinical trials results]
1Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon cedex 04, France. christian.chidiac@chu-lyon.fr
Medecine Et Maladies Infectieuses
|December 17, 2008
Summary
Maraviroc, a new CCR5 antagonist, is approved for HIV treatment in adults with CCR5-tropic virus. This entry inhibitor blocks viral entry into cells, showing efficacy and a similar safety profile to placebo in trials.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 are coreceptors for HIV.
- Maraviroc is the first CCR5 antagonist approved for HIV treatment.
- Entry inhibitors, like maraviroc, block viral cell entry, unlike traditional antiretrovirals.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the efficacy and safety of maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonist.
- To discuss the role of viral tropism testing in maraviroc therapy.
- To explore the potential future applications of maraviroc in HIV treatment.
Main Methods:
- Clinical efficacy and safety data from large phase III trials were assessed.
- The mechanism of action of CCR5 antagonists was reviewed.
- Viral tropism testing requirements for maraviroc use were highlighted.
Main Results:
- Maraviroc demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with treatment-experienced HIV.
- Its safety profile in trials was comparable to placebo.
- CCR5 antagonists are ineffective against CXCR4-tropic HIV, necessitating tropism testing.
Conclusions:
- Maraviroc represents a novel therapeutic option for specific HIV-1 infections.
- Further assessment of hepatic and immunologic safety is warranted for CCR5 antagonists.
- Future research may expand maraviroc's use beyond treatment-experienced patients.
Related Concept Videos
01:16Clinical Trials
Clinical trials are prospective experimental studies conducted on humans to determine the safety and efficacy of treatments, drugs, diet methods, and medical devices. Using statistics in clinical trials enables researchers to derive reasonable and accurate conclusions from the collected data, allowing them to make wise decisions in uncertain situations. In medical research, statistical methods are crucial for preventing errors and bias.
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
There are four phases in a clinical trial. A phase one...
01:11Clinical Trials: Overview
Clinical development focuses on how the drug will interact with the human body and encompasses four key phases of clinical trials, each serving a specific purpose in assessing the safety and effectiveness of new drugs. These phases overlap and build upon one another. Phase I involves a small group of healthy volunteers (typically 20-80 individuals) or, in cases where significant toxicity is expected, patients with the targeted disease, such as cancer or AIDS. The volunteers are tested for...
01:29Subviral Agents
Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
01:22Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors
Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
01:25Inhibitors Of Virion Release
Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
01:28Antimicrobial Effectiveness
The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...