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Endothelin and its potential role in glaucoma.

Balwantray C Chauhan1

  • 1Retina and Optic Nerve Research Laboratory, and Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. bal@dal.ca

Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology. Journal Canadien D'Ophtalmologie
|May 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Endothelin peptides (ET-1, ET-2, ET-3) regulate blood flow via endothelin receptors. Evidence suggests endothelin involvement in optic neuropathies, potentially contributing to glaucoma development.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Cardiovascular Physiology

Background:

  • Endothelin is a potent vasoactive peptide with three isotypes (ET-1, ET-2, ET-3).
  • It exerts physiological functions, primarily blood flow control, through endothelin A and B receptors.
  • Emerging evidence links endothelin and its receptor (primarily endothelin B) upregulation to optic neuropathies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of endothelin in physiological functions.
  • To explore the potential involvement of endothelin in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on endothelin and optic neuropathies.
  • Analysis of experimental studies involving endothelin administration to the optic nerve.

Main Results:

  • Experimental studies show chronic ET-1 administration causes optic nerve neuronal damage and astrocyte activation.
  • These studies also demonstrate endothelin B receptor upregulation following ET-1 administration.
  • Endothelin signaling is implicated in conditions affecting the optic nerve.

Conclusions:

  • Endothelin plays a significant role in vascular and neural functions.
  • The endothelin system, particularly endothelin B receptors, is implicated in optic nerve damage.
  • Further research into endothelin's role in glaucoma is warranted.