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Related Concept Videos

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers02:30

Racemic Mixtures and the Resolution of Enantiomers

A racemic mixture, or racemate, is an equimolar mixture of enantiomers of a molecule that can be separated using their unique interaction with chiral molecules or media. Racemic mixtures are denoted by the (±)- prefix. This ‘optical rotation descriptor’ applies to the whole solution of a racemic mixture rather than a specific stereoisomer. Enantiomers typically have the same physical and chemical properties. Hence, they are not easily separable. However, enantiomers can exhibit different...
Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers02:25

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...
Prochirality02:05

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...
Chirality02:25

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins01:18

Detergent Purification of Membrane Proteins

Detergents are used to purify the integral proteins of the membrane. The hydrophobic portion of the detergent can replace membrane phospholipids while solubilizing the membrane proteins. When detergent monomers reach a specific concentration in a solution called critical micelle concentration (CMC), they form micelles. Above CMC, the concentration of the detergent monomers remains in equilibrium with the micelle. The number of detergent monomers present in the CMC varies for each detergent, and...
Chirality in Nature02:30

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid. The...

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Small-Scale Plasma Membrane Preparation for the Analysis of Candida albicans Cdr1-mGFPHis
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Small-Scale Plasma Membrane Preparation for the Analysis of Candida albicans Cdr1-mGFPHis

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Membranes and membrane processes for chiral resolution.

Rui Xie1, Liang-Yin Chu, Jin-Gen Deng

  • 1School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.

Chemical Society Reviews
|May 24, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers chiral separation using membrane technology for large-scale production of single-enantiomer compounds. It explores enantioselective membranes and membrane-assisted systems for efficient enantioseparation.

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Small-Scale Plasma Membrane Preparation for the Analysis of Candida albicans Cdr1-mGFPHis
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Small-Scale Plasma Membrane Preparation for the Analysis of Candida albicans Cdr1-mGFPHis

Published on: June 13, 2021

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases
11:53

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

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Crystallizing Membrane Proteins for Structure Determination using Lipidic Mesophases
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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Chiral separation is crucial for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and fragrances.
  • Membrane-based enantioseparation offers potential for industrial-scale production.
  • Recent advancements focus on adsorption-type enantioselective membranes and membrane-assisted resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of membrane-based chiral separation techniques.
  • To summarize recent developments in enantioselective liquid and solid membranes.
  • To discuss membrane-assisted processes for chiral resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Review of adsorption-type enantioselective membranes.
  • Analysis of membrane-assisted resolution systems using non-enantioselective membranes.
  • Summary of principles and recent advancements in membrane-based enantioseparation.

Main Results:

  • Enantioselective membranes and membrane-assisted systems are key areas of research.
  • Both liquid and solid enantioselective membranes show promise.
  • Membrane processes are being developed for various applications.

Conclusions:

  • Membrane technology is a viable and developing approach for large-scale chiral separation.
  • Further research in enantioselective membranes and assisted processes is warranted.
  • This review highlights the interdisciplinary importance of membrane-based enantioseparation.