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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
Ostwald’s Dilution Law01:25

Ostwald’s Dilution Law

Consider a binary electrolyte AB with a concentration ‘c’ that reversibly dissociates into its constituent ions. The degree of this dissociation is represented by ⍺. This means that the equilibrium concentration of each ionic species can be expressed as ⍺c. As well as this, the fraction of the electrolyte that remains undissociated at equilibrium is given by (1−⍺). The corresponding equilibrium concentration for this undissociated portion is then calculated as (1−⍺)c. For such solutions,...
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting their diffusion into...
External and Internal Respiration01:24

External and Internal Respiration

External respiration occurs in the lungs, and it is the first step in the journey of oxygen inside the body. When we inhale, oxygen enters our lungs and diffuses across the thin alveolar membrane. The alveoli are tiny, air-filled sacs that provide a vast surface area for gas exchange. Oxygen in the alveoli has a higher partial pressure (105 mmHg) than in the adjacent pulmonary capillaries (40 mmHg), establishing a pressure gradient. As a result, oxygen molecules move from the alveoli into the...

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Light Enhanced Hydrofluoric Acid Passivation: A Sensitive Technique for Detecting Bulk Silicon Defects
09:15

Light Enhanced Hydrofluoric Acid Passivation: A Sensitive Technique for Detecting Bulk Silicon Defects

Published on: January 4, 2016

Passivation of irregular surfaces accessed by diffusion.

M Filoche1, D S Grebenkov, J S Andrade

  • 1Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91128 Palaiseau, France. marcel.filoche@polytechnique.edu

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how surface activity shifts during passivation. In 3D, active zones shrink over time, impacting surface efficiency and geometry-dependent behaviors, unlike in 2D.

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An Inverse Analysis Approach to the Characterization of Chemical Transport in Paints

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Area of Science:

  • Physical Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Mathematical Modeling

Background:

  • Progressive passivation affects irregular surfaces accessed by diffusion.
  • Understanding this process is crucial for various applications, including catalysis and biological systems.
  • The geometry of the surface plays a significant role in diffusion-limited processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the progressive passivation of irregular surfaces accessed by diffusion.
  • To investigate how surface activity transfers from accessible to less accessible regions.
  • To compare the passivation process in three dimensions (3D) versus two dimensions (2D).

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulations were employed to model the passivation process.
  • The activity of von Koch surfaces was analyzed.
  • The evolution of active zones and surface efficiency was tracked over time.

Main Results:

  • In 3D, the size of successive active zones steadily decreases during passivation.
  • This contrasts with 2D, where active zones behave differently.
  • 3D surface efficiency can exhibit long-tail behaviors dependent on specific geometry.

Conclusions:

  • The geometric dependence of 3D passivation has significant implications for heterogeneous catalysts under deactivation.
  • It also impacts heat exchanger performance affected by fouling.
  • Changes in intestinal membrane activity due to inflammatory disorders can also be understood through this model.