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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Muscles that Move the Arm01:31

Muscles that Move the Arm

Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal,...
Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Shoulder biomechanics.

Roberto Lugo1, Peter Kung, C Benjamin Ma

  • 1Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 914143, USA.

European Journal of Radiology
|May 31, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Shoulder joint stability relies on static and dynamic structures working together. Understanding their biomechanics is key to preventing and treating shoulder pathologies.

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Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
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Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
06:09

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
10:07

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Published on: February 10, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics
  • Anatomy

Background:

  • The glenohumeral joint's stability is crucial for shoulder function.
  • It relies on a complex interplay of static and dynamic stabilizing elements.
  • Imbalances in these structures can lead to joint pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biomechanical interactions of glenohumeral joint stabilizers.
  • To elucidate how these structures contribute to optimal shoulder stability.
  • To explore the relationship between stabilizer failure and shoulder joint pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of anatomical and biomechanical studies.
  • Analysis of the roles of static stabilizers (bone, capsule, ligaments, labrum, pressure).
  • Analysis of the roles of dynamic stabilizers (rotator cuff, surrounding muscles).

Main Results:

  • Static stabilizers provide passive joint congruency and resistance to translation.
  • Dynamic stabilizers generate force for active joint control and proprioception.
  • The coordinated action of both stabilizer types ensures multi-directional shoulder mobility and stability.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal glenohumeral joint function depends on the integrated performance of static and dynamic stabilizers.
  • Dysfunction of these stabilizing mechanisms is a primary cause of shoulder instability and related pathologies.
  • Further research into the precise biomechanical contributions can inform clinical interventions for shoulder injuries.