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Quantum fluctuations, temperature, and detuning effects in solid-light systems.

Markus Aichhorn1, Martin Hohenadler, Charles Tahan

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Würzburg, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|June 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
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We analyzed the superfluid to Mott insulator transition in cavity polariton arrays, revealing non-mean-field behaviors and experimentally accessible temperatures for Mott states.

Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Optics
  • Many-Body Physics

Background:

  • Cavity polaritons are hybrid light-matter quasiparticles formed by coupling quantum emitters to optical cavities.
  • Understanding phase transitions in such systems is crucial for quantum simulation and device applications.
  • The superfluid to Mott insulator transition is a fundamental phenomenon in interacting bosonic systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the superfluid to Mott insulator transition in cavity polariton arrays.
  • To analyze the role of quantum fluctuations and detuning on the system's phase diagram.
  • To determine the temperature range for the stability of Mott insulator states.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the variational cluster approach (VCA) to study the system.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Exactly accounting for quantum fluctuations on finite length scales.
  • Analyzing one- and two-dimensional phase diagrams and single-particle excitation spectra.

    • Main Results:

    • The phase diagrams exhibit significant non-mean-field features in both 1D and 2D.
    • Mott insulator phases are characterized by a Mott gap in the single-particle excitation spectra.
    • Detuning allows tuning the bosonic particle nature from excitons to polaritons to photons.

    Conclusions:

    • The variational cluster approach accurately captures non-mean-field physics in cavity polariton arrays.
    • Mott states with density one are stable up to experimentally relevant temperatures (T/g >= 0.03).
    • The tunability of polariton properties offers new avenues for controlling quantum phases.