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Related Concept Videos

Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
Other Unique Bacteria01:18

Other Unique Bacteria

Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic and are commonly found near the...
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Microbes and Other Elemental Cycles

Microbial activity plays a pivotal role in the biogeochemical cycling of iron and manganese, especially at the redox gradients characteristic of stratified aquatic environments. These cycles are driven by microbial transformations between oxidized and reduced forms of the metals, allowing organisms to exploit them for metabolic energy and structural purposes.Iron Cycling Across Redox GradientsIn neutral, oxygen-rich surface waters, iron is predominantly found in its oxidized, insoluble ferric...
Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets.
Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...

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Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation
08:27

Aqueous Droplets Used as Enzymatic Microreactors and Their Electromagnetic Actuation

Published on: August 28, 2017

Ferromagnetic microswimmers.

Feodor Y Ogrin1, Peter G Petrov, C Peter Winlove

  • 1School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, United Kingdom. F.Y.Ogrin@exeter.ac.uk

Physical Review Letters
|June 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new artificial microswimmer using magnetic particle interactions. The novel design achieves self-propulsion at speeds up to hundreds of micrometers per second.

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Published on: July 1, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Physics, Applied
  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Microscale locomotion is crucial for applications like targeted drug delivery.
  • Existing artificial swimmers face challenges in efficiency and control.
  • Magnetic actuation offers a promising, non-invasive method for microswimmer control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and computationally model a novel artificial swimmer.
  • To investigate the self-propulsion capabilities of a magnetic microswimmer system.
  • To analyze the relationship between system parameters and swimmer velocity.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a computational model simulating magnetic particle interactions.
  • Analysis of a system comprising hard and soft magnetic particles linked by a spring.
  • Parameter variation to determine optimal conditions for propulsion.

Main Results:

  • The proposed model demonstrates effective self-propulsion.
  • Achieved average propulsion speeds of hundreds of micrometers per second.
  • Identified realistic parameter ranges for successful operation.

Conclusions:

  • The novel magnetic microswimmer design is viable for efficient locomotion.
  • This system represents a significant advancement in artificial microswimmer technology.
  • Potential applications in micro-robotics and biomedical fields are highlighted.