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Related Experiment Videos

Pathogenesis of visna. I. Sequential virologic, serologic, and pathologic studies.

G Pétursson, N Nathanson, G Georgsson

    Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology
    |October 1, 1976
    PubMed
    Summary

    Visna virus infects Icelandic sheep, with virus found in nervous and lymphoid tissues. Despite minimal free virus, lesions and antibodies indicate a persistent, slow infection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Veterinary Virology
    • Immunopathology
    • Neuropathology

    Background:

    • Visna virus causes a slow, persistent infection in sheep.
    • Understanding the early pathogenesis and immune response is crucial for managing this disease.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To characterize the early course of visna virus infection in Icelandic sheep.
    • To investigate virus distribution, antibody response, and central nervous system (CNS) lesions.
    • To explore the relationship between viral persistence, immune response, and neuropathology.

    Main Methods:

    • Intracerebral inoculation of 56 Icelandic sheep with visna virus strain 1514.
    • Monitoring infection for 12 months, including virus isolation from various tissues.
    • Serological analysis for neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies.

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  • Histopathological examination of CNS tissues.
  • Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid for antibody production.

    • Main Results:

    • Visna virus was isolated from over 90% of sheep, primarily CNS and lymphoid tissues, often requiring tissue explants.
    • All sheep developed neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies within 1-3 months post-infection.
    • Significant CNS histologic lesions were present in 80% of sheep by 1 month, with little progression.
    • High cerebrospinal fluid neutralization titers suggested local CNS antibody production.
    • Antigenic drift was suggested by differing neutralization titers against strains 1514 and 796.

    Conclusions:

    • Visna virus establishes a persistent infection in sheep with widespread tissue distribution.
    • The immune system mounts a response, but viral persistence and CNS lesions are evident early.
    • Pathogenesis involves local antibody production in the CNS and potential antigenic drift.
    • Findings provide baseline data for understanding slow virus infections and the role of immunologic mechanisms.