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Related Experiment Videos

N-nitrosoalkanolamines in cosmetics.

G Eisenbrand1, M Blankart, H Sommer

  • 1Department of Food Chemistry and Environmental Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Germany.

IARC Scientific Publications
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary
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Cosmetic contamination by N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) and N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (NDHPA) significantly decreased after regulatory action. Analysis showed reduced levels of these nitrosamines in products available on the German market.

Area of Science:

  • Cosmetic chemistry
  • Analytical chemistry
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • N-nitrosoalkanolamines, specifically N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) and N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (NDHPA), are potential contaminants in cosmetic products.
  • Secondary amines are identified as key precursors in the nitrosation process, leading to the formation of these harmful compounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a method for determining NDELA and NDHPA levels in cosmetic products.
  • To investigate the primary nitrosating agents and precursors contributing to nitrosamine contamination in cosmetics.
  • To assess the impact of regulatory recommendations on nitrosamine contamination in the German cosmetic market.

Main Methods:

  • Studied nitrosation of relevant precursors using sodium nitrite, Bronopol, Bronidox, and nitric oxides in model systems.

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  • Identified secondary amines as rapidly nitrosated precursors and Bronopol, Bronidox, and atmospheric nitric oxides as significant nitrosating agents.
  • Analyzed cosmetic samples from the German market for NDELA and NDHPA contamination after regulatory intervention.

    • Main Results:

    • Secondary amines were found to be the most rapidly nitrosated precursors.
    • Bronopol, Bronidox, and atmospheric nitric oxides were identified as the most relevant nitrosating agents.
    • Post-regulation analysis revealed significantly reduced contamination: 19 out of 126 samples contained NDELA (12-235 µg/kg) or NDHPA (40-215 µg/kg), indicating a strong downward trend.

    Conclusions:

    • The study successfully developed a method for quantifying NDELA and NDHPA in cosmetics.
    • Regulatory recommendations to avoid secondary amines in formulations have proven effective in reducing nitrosamine contamination.
    • Cosmetic products on the German market show a marked decrease in NDELA and NDHPA levels, highlighting the success of preventative measures.