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Clinical Imaging of Microwave Mammography

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Published on: November 14, 2025

High-field head radiofrequency volume coils using transverse electromagnetic (TEM) and phased array technologies.

Nikolai I Avdievich¹, Hoby P Hetherington

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. nikolai.avdievich@yale.edu

NMR in Biomedicine

|June 25, 2008

Summary

Researchers developed advanced quadrature transverse electromagnetic (TEM) volume coils and phased arrays for brain MRI/MRS. New tuning methods improve coil homogeneity and sensitivity, enhancing imaging quality and patient access.

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Area of Science:

Medical Imaging
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS)

Background:

Quadrature transverse electromagnetic (TEM) volume coils and phased arrays are crucial for human brain MRI and MRS.
Optimizing coil performance is essential for improving image quality and diagnostic capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To present technological advances in TEM volume coils and phased arrays for brain MRI/MRS.
To introduce a novel method for tuning TEM volume coils based on radiofrequency current distribution.
To describe the development and integration of phased arrays with TEM volume coils.

Main Methods:

A new method for tuning TEM volume coils using radiofrequency current distribution measurements.
Optimization of various TEM coil configurations, including half-volume and split TEM coils.
Development of single-tuned and double-tuned transmit TEM volume coils combined with phased arrays.
Implementation of active detuning techniques and transmission line preamplifier decoupling.
Utilization of counter rotating current (CRC) surface coils in phased arrays for simultaneous reception and transmission.

Main Results:

The new tuning method facilitates bench adjustment of coil homogeneity, crucial for double-tuned TEM coils.
TEM half-volume coils offer enhanced sensitivity in localized regions; split TEM coils improve patient access.
Combined TEM volume coils and phased arrays, with active detuning and decoupling, improve MRI/MRS performance.
CRC arrays integrated with volume coils enable simultaneous reception for improved signal-to-noise ratio and transmission for a more homogeneous transmit field.

Conclusions:

Technological advances in TEM volume coils and phased arrays significantly enhance brain MRI and MRS.
The novel tuning method and coil configurations improve coil performance, sensitivity, and usability.
Integrated phased arrays and volume coils offer advanced capabilities for simultaneous reception and transmission, leading to superior imaging outcomes.