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Time-Division Multiplexing for Parallel Transmission at Ultra-High Field With Limited RF Channels.

Felix Glang1,2, Georgiy A Solomakha1, Dario Bosch1,3,4

  • 1Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|December 20, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Time-division multiplexing enables 8 RF channels to achieve 16-channel parallel transmission performance in ultra-high-field MRI. This method enhances whole-brain excitation homogeneity, making advanced coil arrays accessible with fewer channels.

Keywords:
RF switchSARflip angle homogeneityhigh‐field MRImultiplexing

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Radiofrequency Coil Technology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Ultra-high-field (UHF) MRI systems require advanced parallel transmission (pTx) techniques for homogeneous RF excitation.
  • Limited RF channels in MRI systems restrict the performance of multi-element transmit coil arrays.
  • Optimizing RF excitation is crucial for diagnostic accuracy and safety in high-field MRI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate time-division multiplexing (TDM) for pTx in UHF MRI.
  • To achieve homogeneous whole-brain excitation using a limited number of RF channels.
  • To compare TDM performance against simultaneous transmission for RF coil arrays.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a fast RF switch to route 8 transmit channels to a 16-element coil array at 9.4T.
  • Implemented TDM for parallel transmission using kT-points pulses.
  • Investigated SAR monitoring and SAR-aware pulse design methods.
  • Compared excitation homogeneity and local SAR for TDM vs. simultaneous transmission.

Main Results:

  • TDM achieved excitation fidelity comparable to 16 transmit channels using only 8 channels.
  • Multiplexing reduced flip angle inhomogeneity by up to 2.22-fold.
  • TDM requires longer pulse durations or higher amplitudes, potentially increasing local SAR.
  • SAR-aware pulse design effectively controlled multiplexing-induced SAR increases.

Conclusions:

  • Time-division multiplexing enhances parallel transmission performance by enabling more transmit elements with fewer RF channels.
  • TDM offers a viable solution for utilizing advanced multi-row transmit coil arrays in MRI systems with limited RF channel availability.
  • This technique expands possibilities for high-performance MRI in resource-constrained environments.