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Related Concept Videos

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry01:07

Radicals: Electronic Structure and Geometry

This lesson delves into the geometry of a radical, which is influenced by the electronic structure of the molecule. The principle is similar to that of a lone pair, where the unpaired electron influences the geometry at the radical center.
Accordingly, the structure of a trivalent radical lies between the geometries of carbocations and carbanions. An sp2-hybridized carbocation is trigonal planar, while an sp3-hybridized carbanion is trigonal pyramidal. Here, the difference in geometry is...
π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Radical01:27

π Molecular Orbitals of the Allyl Radical

Allyl radicals are three-carbon conjugated systems. They are readily formed as intermediates in halogenation reactions of alkenes involving the addition of halogen to the allylic carbon instead of the double bond. As seen in allyl cations and anions, each of the three sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in allyl radicals has an unhybridized p orbital. These orbitals combine to give three π molecular orbitals.
The allyl systems have identical molecular orbitals but differ in the number of π electrons.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals01:17

Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy: Organic Radicals

Ideally, an unpaired electron shows a single peak in the EPR spectrum due to the transition between the two spin energy states. However, coupling interactions can occur between the spins of the unpaired electron and any neighboring spin-active nuclei. This hyperfine coupling results in hyperfine splitting, where the EPR signal is split into multiplets. The signals split into 2nI + 1 peaks, where n is the number of equivalent nuclei and I is the nuclear spin. These splitting patterns provide...
Radical Halogenation: Stereochemistry01:33

Radical Halogenation: Stereochemistry

Stereochemistry is the study of the different spatial arrangements of atoms in a given molecule. The stereochemistry of radical halogenations can be understood from three different situations:
Halogenation to form a new chiral center:
Radical Reactivity: Overview01:11

Radical Reactivity: Overview

Radicals, the highly reactive species, gain stability by undergoing three different reactions. The first reaction involves a radical-radical coupling, in which a radical combines with another radical, forming a spin‐paired molecule. The second reaction is between a radical and a spin‐paired molecule, generating a new radical and a new spin‐paired molecule. The third reaction is radical decomposition in a unimolecular reaction, forming a new radical and a spin‐paired molecule. These three...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Magnetometric Characterization of Intermediates in the Solid-State Electrochemistry of Redox-Active Metal-Organic Frameworks
06:53

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Published on: June 9, 2023

A three-dimensional lanthanide-organic radical open-framework.

Nans Roques1, Daniel Maspoch, Inhar Imaz

  • 1Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC), Campus Universitari, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|July 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel three-dimensional open-framework material was synthesized using a 3-connecting PTMTC radical and Tb(III) ions. This material exhibits reversible transformations and ferromagnetic interactions.

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Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Crystallography

Background:

  • Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer tunable properties for various applications.
  • Radical-based MOFs are of interest for magnetic materials.
  • Lanthanide ions can impart unique magnetic and structural characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize a novel three-dimensional open-framework material.
  • To investigate the structural, transformative, and magnetic properties of the material.

Main Methods:

  • Reaction of a 3-connecting PTMTC radical with Tb(III) ions.
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural analysis.
  • Characterization of guest-induced transformations and magnetic properties.

Main Results:

  • Formation of a 3D open-framework with the formula [Tb(PTMTC)(DMF)(3)] (1).
  • The framework exhibits a complex T topology with large channels.
  • Observed guest-induced reversible crystal-to-amorphous transformations.
  • Detected ferromagnetic metal-radical interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized material represents a new class of lanthanide-radical frameworks.
  • The framework's properties are tunable via guest inclusion/removal.
  • The material demonstrates potential for applications in magnetic materials and responsive systems.