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Related Concept Videos

Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
Appendicitis-I: Introduction01:22

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...
Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...
Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...

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Evidence for eosinophil degranulation in acute appendicitis.

G Santosh1, K P Aravindan

  • 1Department of Pathology, Medical College, Calicut - 673 008, Kerala, India.

Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology
|July 8, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Acute appendicitis may have an allergic origin, as indicated by increased eosinophils. This study found elevated eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in appendicitis patients, suggesting significant eosinophil activation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Allergy

Background:

  • Eosinophils are implicated in allergic responses.
  • Increased eosinophils in muscle tissue suggest a potential allergic link in acute appendicitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of eosinophils in acute appendicitis.
  • To measure serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels in acute appendicitis patients and compare them to controls.

Main Methods:

  • Serum ECP levels were quantified using a chemiluminescence assay.
  • Levels were compared between patients with acute appendicitis, normal appendix, asthma patients, and healthy volunteers.

Main Results:

  • Mean serum ECP levels were significantly higher in acute appendicitis (45.3 microg/L) compared to normal appendix (22.7 microg/L), asthma (24.2 microg/L), and healthy controls (13.2 microg/L).
  • A trend towards an inverse relationship between symptom duration and serum ECP was observed but not statistically significant.

Conclusions:

  • Acute appendicitis involves significant local eosinophil activation and degranulation.
  • The findings support the hypothesis that acute appendicitis may have an allergic component.