Primary tuberculosis of the thyroid gland

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Infectious Diseases
• Global Health

Background:

• Tuberculosis (TB) is a significant global health challenge, primarily affecting the lungs but capable of manifesting in various organs.
• Thyroid gland involvement by tuberculosis is exceptionally uncommon, posing diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

• A young male patient from mid-western Nepal presented with symptoms suggestive of thyroid pathology.
• The patient's medical history and geographical origin indicated a potential, albeit rare, exposure to tuberculosis.

Findings:

• The case confirmed primary tuberculous goitre, a rare manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection directly involving the thyroid gland.
• Diagnostic investigations ruled out other common causes of goitre, highlighting the specific etiology.

Implications:

• This case underscores the importance of considering extrathoracic tuberculosis, including thyroid involvement, in endemic regions.
• Increased awareness among clinicians is crucial for timely diagnosis and effective management of rare tuberculous presentations.