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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
Deviant Behavior
Deviance in behavior refers to actions or thought patterns that significantly diverge from societal norms or...

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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Personality Disorders: Dependent and Obsessive-Compulsive

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

Volitional disorders: a proposal for DSM-V.

Leonardo F Fontenelle¹, Mauro V Mendlowicz, Marcio Versiani

¹Anxiety and Depression Research Program, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. lfontenelle@gmail.com

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry : the Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry

|July 9, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The current naming of impulse control disorders (ICD) is inconsistent. Researchers propose a neutral term, "volitional disorders," with subtypes, for clearer classification in DSM-V.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: March 14, 2025

Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Behavioral Science
Clinical Psychology

Background:

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) classifies impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified (ICD) using inconsistent naming conventions.
Current nomenclature includes adjectives, metaphors, symptom descriptions (impulsive, compulsive, addictive), and the suffix 'mania', leading to ambiguity.

Purpose of the Study:

To address the arbitrary and inconsistent nomenclature of impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified (ICD).
To propose a more neutral and consistent terminology for these disorders in the upcoming DSM-V.
To suggest a framework for classifying these disorders based on phenomenology rather than unproven theoretical distinctions.

Main Methods:

Critical analysis of the current naming principles for impulse control disorders not elsewhere classified (ICD) in the DSM-IV-TR.
Proposal of a new, neutral term: 'volitional disorders not elsewhere classified'.
Recommendation for the adoption of the Greek suffix 'mania' as a primary naming convention and the creation of subtypes (compulsive, impulsive, mixed).

Main Results:

The existing classification system for ICDs exhibits significant inconsistency and arbitrariness.
The proposed 'volitional disorders not elsewhere classified' offers a more neutral and descriptive approach.
The suggested subtypes (compulsive, impulsive, mixed) align with emerging treatment validation.

Conclusions:

A revised, more consistent terminology for impulse control disorders is necessary for accurate clinical description and diagnosis.
The term 'volitional disorders not elsewhere classified' and the proposed subtypes offer a more scientifically sound approach for the DSM-V.
Adopting a phenomenologically based, neutral terminology will improve clarity and reduce theoretical bias in classifying these conditions.