Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum01:17

The Thoracic Cage: Sternum

The thoracic or rib cage forms the body's thorax (chest) portion. Its primary function in the body is to protect vital organs in the thoracic cavity, such as the heart and the lungs. It consists of 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages and the sternum. The ribs are anchored posteriorly to the 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12).
The sternum is the elongated bony structure on the anterior side of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts: the manubrium, the body, and the xiphoid process.
The Mammary Glands01:12

The Mammary Glands

The female breast is a hemispheric projection of variable size positioned anterior to the pectoralis major and serratus anterior muscles. A fascia layer composed of dense, irregular connective tissue connects it to these muscles.
Each breast features a pigmented projection known as the nipple, through which milk emerges via closely spaced openings of ducts, referred to as lactiferous ducts. Surrounding the nipple is a circular pigmented area of skin named the areola, which appears rough due to...
Muscles of the Thorax01:25

Muscles of the Thorax

The thorax muscles are central to the body's respiration and provide essential support and movement for the upper body. They are intricately designed to facilitate the complex breathing process while also contributing to the structural integrity and mobility of the chest and upper limbs.
The diaphragm is at the core of thoracic musculature, the primary muscle involved in breathing. This expansive, dome-shaped muscle marks the division between the thoracic and abdominal cavities. It originates...
Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
The Thoracic Cage: Ribs01:20

The Thoracic Cage: Ribs

Ribs are curved, flattened bones forming the thoracic cavity wall with the thoracic muscles. There are 12 pairs of thoracic ribs. The posterior ends of all the ribs articulate with the T1–T12 thoracic vertebrae. In contrast,the anterior ends of most ribs attach to the sternum via their costal cartilages.
Parts of a Typical Rib
A typical rib has a head, neck, and body. The posterior end of the rib is called the head, followed by a narrow neck. The head articulates primarily with the costal facet...
Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment01:29

Angina III: Clinical Manifestations and Assessment

Angina manifests as chest pain, tightness, or squeezing discomfort typically located behind the breastbone. It can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulders, and inner aspects of the upper arms, most commonly the left arm. Patients may experience shortness of breath, fatigue, profuse sweating, dizziness, indigestion, heartburn, palpitations, anxiety, and vomiting as accompanying symptoms. This pain often lasts a few minutes and is triggered by physical exertion, emotional stress, heavy meals, or cold...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gene model for the ortholog of <i>tgo</i> in <i>Drosophila busckii</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

The Role of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in the Early Treatment of Schizophrenia.

CNS drugs·2026
Same author

Differential Responsiveness to Exercise and Cognitive Remediation in Physical Health in People With Schizophrenia: Results From the CORTEX-SP Study.

European journal of sport science·2026
Same author

Unified modelling of gaze and pupil dynamics in saccadic tasks.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Lived Experiences and Engagement in an Exercise Program for People with Resistant Major Depression: TRACE-RMD Study.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Complement Inhibition for Acute Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Attacks: Insights From an International Case Series.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling
15:11

Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

Published on: January 5, 2015

Breast mass or sternalis muscle?

Jorge Pérez, José E Pérez-Gumá, Ramonita Correa

    Puerto Rico Health Sciences Journal
    |July 12, 2008
    PubMed
    Summary

    The sternalis muscle, a rare anatomical variant, was observed in cadavers at San Juan Bautista School of Medicine over the past 20 years. This finding highlights the importance of detailed anatomical examination in medical education.

    More Related Videos

    Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
    13:35

    Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

    Published on: May 17, 2024

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

    Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling
    15:11

    Surgical Fixation of Sternal Fractures: Preoperative Planning and a Safe Surgical Technique Using Locked Titanium Plates and Depth Limited Drilling

    Published on: January 5, 2015

    Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction
    13:35

    Endoscopic Bilateral Nipple-sparing Mastectomy via a Single Axillary Incision with Immediate Pre-pectoral Implant-based Breast Reconstruction

    Published on: May 17, 2024

    Area of Science:

    • Anatomy
    • Morphology
    • Medical Education

    Background:

    • The sternalis muscle is an uncommon thoracic muscle variant.
    • Its prevalence and morphological variations are not well-documented globally.
    • Understanding such anatomical variations is crucial for accurate diagnosis and surgical procedures.

    Discussion:

    • This study reports the first documented incidence of the sternalis muscle in cadavers at the San Juan Bautista School of Medicine over two decades.
    • The presence of this muscle variant underscores the importance of thorough dissection and anatomical awareness in medical training.
    • Comparing this finding with existing literature can help establish regional or population-specific prevalence rates.

    Key Insights:

    • The sternalis muscle was identified in cadavers dissected over the last 20 years.
    • This represents a novel finding within the institution's anatomical studies.
    • The discovery emphasizes the need for continuous observation of anatomical variations.

    Outlook:

    • Further research should investigate the specific morphological characteristics of the sternalis muscle in this population.
    • Comparative studies with other institutions can provide broader insights into its prevalence.
    • Educating future medical professionals about such variants is essential for clinical practice.