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Related Concept Videos

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease01:25

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the backward flow of stomach contents (acid, pepsin, or bile) into the esophagus, causing mucosal inflammation known as esophagitis. It results from failure of antireflux mechanisms, mainly the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), influenced by mechanical and physiological factors.Etiology and Risk FactorsGERD develops when LES function is weakened or when intra-abdominal pressure increases. Risk factors include aging, obesity, and sliding hiatal hernia,...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) involves the recurrent backflow of the stomach or duodenal contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and potential esophageal mucosal damage. Although GERD is often referred to as a disease, it is more accurately described as a syndrome, as it encompasses a range of symptoms and complications rather than a singular pathological entity, impacting a large number of individuals as the most prevalent upper gastrointestinal problem. Roughly...
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics

Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
Antitussives include codeine, dextromethorphan (Robitussin), and benzonatate (Tessalon). Codeine and dextromethorphan exert their effects centrally by suppressing the cough reflex center in the medulla.  Benzonatate operates peripherally within the respiratory tract by anesthetizing...
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without causing...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice
04:33

Methods for Detecting Cough and Airway Inflammation in Mice

Published on: August 2, 2024

Reflux cough.

Kathleen Blondeau1, Daniel Sifrim, Lieven Dupont

  • 1Faculty of Medicine K.U. Leuven, Lab G-I Physiopathology, O&N Gasthuisberg, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Current Gastroenterology Reports
|July 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can cause chronic cough. New evidence shows weakly acidic reflux triggers cough, and cough can worsen GERD, requiring objective diagnosis for effective treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Pulmonology
  • Extraesophageal Manifestations of GERD

Background:

  • Chronic cough is a common symptom that can be linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
  • Understanding the complex relationship between reflux and cough is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of reflux cough syndrome.
  • To highlight the bidirectional relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and cough.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on reflux cough syndrome.
  • Discussion of diagnostic methods, including objective detection of cough bursts via esophageal manometry.

Main Results:

  • Growing evidence supports the role of weakly acidic gastroesophageal reflux in inducing cough.
  • A bidirectional relationship is identified where cough can also trigger reflux in some individuals.
  • Objective detection, such as esophageal manometry, is necessary to differentiate between reflux-induced cough and cough-triggered reflux.

Conclusions:

  • Reflux cough syndrome is a recognized extraesophageal manifestation of GERD.
  • The pathophysiology involves weakly acidic reflux, with a potential for cough to exacerbate reflux.
  • Treatment strategies remain controversial, necessitating further research and objective diagnostic approaches.