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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs
Published on: March 10, 2020
Circularity of the ribonucleic acids associated with cadang-cadang disease
1Department of Plant Pathology, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond 5064, South Australia.
Abstract:
The ribonucleic acids, ccRNA-1 and ceRNA-2, associated with cadang-cadang disease are circular single-stranded molecules comprising 310 +/- 3 nucleotides and 438 +/- 5 nucleotides, respectively; their molecular weights are estimated to be 1.05 and 1.49 x 10(5) daltons. Therefore ceRNA-2 appears not to be a dimer of ccRNA-1, although it is known to have nucleotide sequences in common with ccRNA-1. Differences in the native structure of the two RNAs as determined by length measurements may account for previously described differences in their properties. Both RNAs resemble viroids, but ccRNA-1 is smaller, and ceRNA-2 is larger, than the viroids which have been characterized.
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Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Types of RNA
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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