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Related Concept Videos

Rabies01:28

Rabies

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease caused by a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus of the Lyssavirus genus, within the family Rhabdoviridae. Its primary mode of transmission to humans is through bites or saliva-contaminated scratches from infected mammals such as dogs, bats, raccoons, or foxes. Transmission can also occur if infectious saliva contacts abraded skin or intact mucous membranes, including the conjunctiva.Viral Entry and Early ReplicationOnce introduced at the bite or scratch...
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever01:26

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) is a severe tick-borne illness caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, a Gram-negative, coccobacillary bacterium. This pathogen is an obligate intracellular parasite, requiring a host cell for replication. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected tick. In the United States, the most important vectors are Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) and Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick), though other tick species may also serve as vectors.
CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines01:14

CNS Depressants: Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines

CNS depressants include drugs from the category of barbiturates and benzodiazepines. They are valuable medications for managing anxiety disorders and insomnia. Barbiturates, once used to induce and maintain sleep, have been replaced mainly by benzodiazepines due to barbiturate's toxicity, tolerance, and overdose risks. They interact with GABAA receptors, leading to sedation at low doses and potentially coma and death at higher doses. Phenobarbital, a long-acting barbiturate, possesses...
Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines01:19

Sedatives and Hypnotics Drugs: Benzodiazepines

Benzodiazepines have both sedative and hypnotic properties. They include compounds such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax). Structurally, their cores are similar, consisting of the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring, but they share a common mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS).
Benzodiazepines work by enhancing the effects of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. They bind to the GABAA receptor, increasing its affinity for GABA, which opens chloride...
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Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, poses significant public health challenges globally due to its high seroprevalence and varied clinical manifestations. As an obligate intracellular parasite, T. gondii can infect all warm-blooded vertebrates, but felids are its only definitive hosts, shedding unsporulated oocysts into the environment. Humans typically acquire the infection through ingestion of tissue cysts in undercooked meat or oocysts from...

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Trap-Vaccinate-Release Protocol for Immunization of Skunks and Additional Rabies Vectors Against Rabies
04:10

A Trap-Vaccinate-Release Protocol for Immunization of Skunks and Additional Rabies Vectors Against Rabies

Published on: November 29, 2024

Can rabies be eradicated?

C E Rupprecht1, J Barrett, D Briggs

  • 1Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. cyr5@cdc.gov

Developments in Biologicals
|July 19, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rabies is a deadly zoonotic disease affecting all mammals, primarily transmitted by dogs. Focused interventions, including vaccination and surveillance, are crucial for canine rabies elimination and human prevention.

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

A Trap-Vaccinate-Release Protocol for Immunization of Skunks and Additional Rabies Vectors Against Rabies
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Whole Genome Sequencing for Rapid Characterization of Rabies Virus Using Nanopore Technology

Published on: August 18, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Rabies is an ancient zoonotic disease caused by Lyssavirus, affecting all continents except Antarctica.
  • All mammals are susceptible, with carnivores and bats as primary reservoirs.
  • Domestic dogs are the main source of human rabies transmission, causing millions of exposures and tens of thousands of deaths annually.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the global impact of rabies and the challenges in its eradication.
  • To emphasize the importance of domestic dogs as a target for intervention.
  • To advocate for continued international progress in rabies prevention and control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and current data on rabies distribution, transmission, and control strategies.
  • Analysis of the role of domestic dogs in viral spread.
  • Evaluation of the effectiveness of vaccines and surveillance programs.

Main Results:

  • Rabies remains a significant global health threat with a near 100% fatality rate.
  • Despite progress, regional resurgences occur due to various socio-political and environmental factors.
  • Vaccines and targeted interventions have reduced rabies burden in some areas.

Conclusions:

  • Eliminating canine rabies is essential for preventing human rabies.
  • Integrated approaches involving public awareness, vaccination, wildlife control, and surveillance are critical.
  • Continued international collaboration is necessary to combat this ancient and deadly zoonosis.