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Identification of Plasmodesmal Localization Sequences in Proteins In Planta
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Plant virus-specific transport function. II. A factor controlling virus host range.

M E Taliansky1, S I Malyshenko, E S Pshennikova

  • 1Department of Virology and A. N. Belozersky Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow State University, Moscow 117234, USSR.

Virology
|October 30, 1982
PubMed
Summary

A novel experimental system enabled the study of plant virus transport. This research demonstrates that helper viruses can overcome plant resistance, allowing systemic infection by previously non-infectious viruses.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Virology
  • Molecular Plant-Pathogen Interactions
  • Plant Disease Resistance

Background:

  • Plant virus resistance is often controlled by specific genes, influencing systemic spread.
  • The transport of viruses within plants is a critical factor in determining host range.
  • Previous research established an experimental system to study virus transport from vascular tissues to mesophyll cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of virus-specific transport functions in controlling plant virus host range.
  • To determine if helper viruses can facilitate the systemic infection of resistant plants by other viruses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a developed experimental system to enable virus transport from conducting tissues to mesophyll.
  • Employed preinfection with helper viruses (Potato Virus X - PVX, Tobacco Mosaic Virus - TMV, Dolichos Enation Mosaic Virus - DEMV, Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus - BSMV) in various plant lines (Tm-2, Tm-1 tomato, bean, wheat).
  • Assessed TMV susceptibility in Tm-2 tomato lines, which are resistant in intact plants but susceptible in protoplasts, after PVX preinfection.
  • Evaluated the systemic infection of tomato and bean plants by Brome Mosaic Virus (BMV) after preinfection with TMV and DEMV, respectively.
  • Studied TMV transport in wheat preinfected with BSMV.

Main Results:

  • Tm-2 tomato lines, normally resistant to TMV, became susceptible following preinfection with the helper virus PVX, indicating TMV systemic spread.
  • Tm-1 tomato lines, resistant even in protoplasts, remained resistant to TMV under the same conditions.
  • BMV was successfully transported and replicated in mesophyll cells of tomato and bean plants preinfected with TMV and DEMV, respectively.
  • TMV was able to systemically infect wheat plants preinfected with BSMV.

Conclusions:

  • Helper virus preinfection can overcome plant resistance mediated by transport blockage, enabling systemic infection.
  • The findings highlight the importance of virus-encoded transport functions in determining host range and overcoming nonhost resistance.
  • Complementation of transport functions by a helper virus is a viable mechanism for achieving systemic infection in resistant plants.