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[Dormancy: There and Back Again].

E S Pshennikova1,2, A S Voronina1

  • 1Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071 Russia.

Molekuliarnaia Biologiia
|September 27, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cell dormancy allows survival in harsh conditions for normal cells and pathogens like tuberculosis bacilli and cancer cells. These dormant cells resist treatment, but their fate is regulated by microenvironmental signals.

Keywords:
Mycobacterium tuberculosisdormancymesenchymal stem cellsmetastasismetastatic nichestumor cells

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Pathology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Cells can enter a dormant, non-dividing state to survive unfavorable conditions.
  • This dormancy is observed in normal cells (germ cells, stem cells) and pathological contexts (tuberculosis, cancer).
  • Dormant cells, including latent tuberculosis bacilli and cancer cells, exhibit resistance to therapies targeting dividing cells and immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory mechanisms governing cell entry and exit from dormancy.
  • To explore how microenvironmental factors and signaling pathways control cell fate between dormancy and proliferation.
  • To highlight the unique ability of pathogens and cancer cells to manipulate their microenvironment to control dormancy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cell dormancy.
  • Analysis of regulatory factors and signaling cascades involved in dormancy.
  • Comparison of dormancy regulation in normal versus pathological conditions.

Main Results:

  • Cell dormancy is a survival strategy employed by diverse cell types.
  • Microenvironmental signals (forbidding and permitting) dictate the transition between dormancy and proliferation.
  • Pathogens and cancer cells can actively alter their microenvironment to control their own dormancy and survival.

Conclusions:

  • Cell dormancy is a critical biological process with implications for disease and therapy.
  • Understanding the regulation of dormancy is key to developing new treatments for infections and cancer.
  • The ability of pathological cells to manipulate their microenvironment presents unique therapeutic challenges.