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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Author Spotlight: Advancements in Stem Cell Regenerative Therapy Through Photobiomodulation
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[Plant Stem Cells].

A S Voronina1, E S Pshennikova1,2

  • 1Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, 119071 Russia.

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|May 12, 2020
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Summary

This review explores angiosperm stem cell biology, comparing primary and secondary meristems. It details hormone interactions, gene networks, and signaling pathways crucial for plant organ development.

Keywords:
ARFArabidopsis thalianaSTMWOSWUSauxincambiumcytokininlateral meristemsroot apical meristemshoot apical meristem

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Angiosperm Genomics

Background:

  • Meristems are crucial plant stem cell populations responsible for growth and organogenesis.
  • Understanding meristem molecular mechanisms is key to plant development.
  • Angiosperms exhibit diverse meristem types with distinct biological roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current data on the molecular biology of angiosperm meristems.
  • To compare primary and secondary meristems.
  • To describe key molecular interactions regulating meristem function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular biology studies on plant meristems.
  • Comparative analysis of primary and secondary meristem data.
  • Synthesis of information on hormonal, genetic, and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Detailed comparison of primary and secondary meristem molecular characteristics.
  • Description of conserved and divergent regulatory mechanisms.
  • Identification of key hormones, gene networks, and signaling pathways involved.

Conclusions:

  • Meristem molecular biology is complex, involving intricate interactions.
  • Hormonal and genetic regulation is vital for meristem function and organ differentiation.
  • Further research can elucidate specific pathways for crop improvement.