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Related Concept Videos

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)01:15

High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS)

The resolution of a mass spectrometer depends on the efficiency of separating ions with different ion masses. The mass of an atom is approximated to the sum of the masses of protons and neutrons inside, considering the masses of protons and neutrons as equal. However, the masses of the proton (1.6726 × 10−24 g) and neutron (1.6749 × 10−24 g) are not truly equal. There is a minor error in the expression of atomic masses relative to the simplest atom of hydrogen. For example, the mass of helium...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences01:17

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.
IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction01:14

NMR Spectrometers: Resolution and Error Correction

When magnetic nuclei in a sample achieve resonance and undergo relaxation, the signal detected in NMR is an approximately exponential free induction decay. Fourier transform of an exponential decay yields a Lorentzian peak in the frequency domain. Lorentzian peaks in an NMR spectrum are defined by their amplitude, full width at half maximum, and position, where the peak width is governed by the spin-spin relaxation time alone. In real experiments, however, the applied magnetic field is rendered...

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Updated: Jul 3, 2026

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
10:40

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Published on: June 28, 2016

High harmonic frequency combs for high resolution spectroscopy.

A Ozawa1, J Rauschenberger, Ch Gohle

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany. akira.ozawa@mpq.mpg.de

Physical Review Letters
|July 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers achieved microWatt power levels for extreme ultraviolet harmonics using a Ti:sapphire laser. This breakthrough enables high-resolution spectroscopy, particularly for studying hydrogenlike Helium ions.

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

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Last Updated: Jul 3, 2026

High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy
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High Resolution Phonon-assisted Quasi-resonance Fluorescence Spectroscopy

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Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
06:42

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

Published on: June 8, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
  • Laser Physics
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • High-harmonic generation (HHG) is a crucial nonlinear process for producing extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation.
  • Previous HHG experiments often suffered from low output power, limiting their application in high-resolution spectroscopy.
  • Achieving higher output power in the microWatt range is essential for advanced spectroscopic studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generate high-power extreme ultraviolet (XUV) harmonics using a xenon gas jet and a Ti:sapphire laser.
  • To investigate the potential of these harmonics for high-resolution spectroscopy.
  • To overcome limitations in output power of plateau harmonics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Ti:sapphire mode-locked laser with a 10.8 MHz repetition rate to seed a xenon gas jet within an optical cavity.
  • Implemented an elaborate dispersion compensation scheme.
  • Employed a moderate repetition rate laser system.

Main Results:

  • Generated harmonics up to the 19th order at 43 nm.
  • Achieved microWatt power levels for plateau harmonics.
  • Demonstrated a four orders of magnitude improvement in plateau harmonic output power compared to previous studies.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method significantly enhances the output power of plateau harmonics, reaching microWatt levels.
  • The achieved power and repetition rate make high-resolution spectroscopy in the XUV region feasible.
  • This advancement opens possibilities for studying transitions like the 1S-2S in hydrogenlike He+ at 60 nm.