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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...

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From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Halogen bonding in supramolecular chemistry.

Pierangelo Metrangolo¹, Franck Meyer, Tullio Pilati

¹NFMLab, Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering Giulio Natta, Politecnico di Milano, 7, via Mancinelli, 20131 Milan, Italy. pierangelo.metrangolo@polimi.it

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|July 25, 2008

Summary

Halogen bonding is a key noncovalent interaction where halogen atoms act as electrophiles. This interaction influences crystal engineering, self-assembly, and materials science, impacting diverse research fields.

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Area of Science:

Chemistry
Materials Science
Crystallography

Background:

Halogen bonding is a significant noncovalent interaction.
Halogen atoms act as electrophilic species in this interaction.
Understanding halogen bonding is crucial for controlling molecular interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the energetic and geometrical features of halogen bonding.
To identify atomic characteristics enabling halogen bonding.
To present principles for crystal engineering using halogen bonding.

Main Methods:

Analysis of energetic and geometrical features.
Characterization of atomic properties influencing halogen bonding.
Review of applications in materials and biological systems.

Main Results:

Detailed description of halogen bonding characteristics.
Identification of factors enabling halogen bonding in molecules.
Demonstration of halogen bonding's role in crystal engineering.

Conclusions:

Halogen bonding is a versatile interaction with broad applicability.
It significantly impacts intermolecular recognition and self-assembly.
Applications span liquid crystals, advanced materials, and biological systems.