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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Relations among speech, language, and reading disorders.

Bruce F Pennington¹, Dorothy V M Bishop

¹Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Colorado 80208, USA. bpenning@du.edu

Annual Review of Psychology

|July 26, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Speech sound disorder (SSD), language impairment (LI), and reading disability (RD) frequently overlap. This review examines diagnostic, cognitive, and etiological evidence, finding complex relations requiring further research for better understanding.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Linguistics
Neuroscience

Background:

Speech sound disorder (SSD), language impairment (LI), and reading disability (RD) are common developmental disorders.
Understanding the overlap between these conditions is crucial for effective diagnosis and intervention.
Existing research suggests potential shared underlying mechanisms but lacks comprehensive synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically review the evidence for overlap among SSD, LI, and RD.
To analyze this overlap at diagnostic, cognitive, and etiological levels.
To evaluate existing comorbidity models and identify gaps in current knowledge.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature review of studies investigating comorbidity between SSD, LI, and RD.
Analysis of diagnostic criteria, cognitive profiles, and etiological factors.
Critical appraisal of proposed comorbidity models.

Main Results:

Evidence confirms overlap among SSD, LI, and RD across diagnostic, cognitive, and etiological domains.
The extent and nature of overlap vary significantly depending on the specific comorbidity subtype.
Current comorbidity models partially explain the observed relations, but significant complexities remain unexplained.

Conclusions:

The relationships among SSD, LI, and RD are intricate and not fully elucidated.
Further research is needed to refine our understanding of shared and distinct features.
New data are essential for developing more accurate models of these developmental disorders and informing clinical practice.