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Related Concept Videos

Cellular Differentiation00:57

Cellular Differentiation

How does a complex organism such as a human develop from a single cell? It all starts from a single fertilized egg which gives rise to a vast array of cell types, such as nerve cells, muscle cells, and epithelial cells that characterize the adult? Throughout development and adulthood, cellular differentiation leads cells to assume their final morphology and physiology. Differentiation is the process by which unspecialized cells become specialized to carry out distinct functions.
A zygote is a...
Nuclear Localization Signals and Import01:46

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of  2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...
iPS Cell Differentiation01:22

iPS Cell Differentiation

The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...
Introduction to Membrane Traffic01:44

Introduction to Membrane Traffic

The ER, Golgi apparatus, endosomes, and lysosomes work in tandem to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids. An integrated membrane trafficking network facilitates the back and forth shuttling of molecules within different organelles in the same cell or across the cell membrane.
The transport of soluble and membrane proteins is mediated by transport vesicles that collect cargo from one cellular compartment and deliver it to another by fusing with the target organelle membrane. The Rab...
Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
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Initiating Differentiation in Immortalized Multipotent Otic Progenitor Cells
12:17

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Published on: January 2, 2016

Importins and exportins in cellular differentiation.

Norihisa Okada1, Yoko Ishigami, Takuji Suzuki

  • 1Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|July 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Importins and exportins regulate cell transport. Changes in these nuclear transport factors are vital for cell differentiation, development, and transformation, impacting key cellular events.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The importin/exportin system governs nucleocytoplasmic transport.
  • Altered importin and exportin levels are implicated in development, differentiation, and cancer.
  • Cellular differentiation processes are increasingly linked to nuclear transport dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current research on the roles of importins and exportins in cell differentiation.
  • To highlight the significance of nucleocytoplasmic transport factors in cellular events.
  • To discuss the impact of these transport proteins on development and transformation.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of differentiation-associated changes in protein and gene expression of importins and exportins.
  • Review of studies employing cell models, including human leukemia HL-60 cells.
  • Examination of findings related to importin-alpha in neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells.

Main Results:

  • Differentiation processes in cells like HL-60 show changes in importin and exportin expression.
  • The importin-alpha subtype can trigger neural differentiation, emphasizing its role.
  • Nucleocytoplasmic transport factors are critical regulators of cellular events.

Conclusions:

  • Importins and exportins are key players in cell differentiation.
  • Understanding these transport systems is crucial for unraveling developmental and transformative processes.
  • Further research into nucleocytoplasmic transport is essential for cell biology and medicine.