Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
Published on: January 19, 2016
Selective ortho methylation of nitroheteroaryls by vicarious nucleophilic substitution
Michał Achmatowicz1, Oliver R Thiel, Gilles Gorins
1Chemical Process Research and Development, Amgen Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320-1799, USA. michala@amgen.com
Abstract:
An efficient and scalable three-step one-pot approach to 6-methyl-5-nitroisoquinoline (1) from inexpensive 5-nitroisoquinoline, utilizing the vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) as a key step, is described. The optimized reaction conditions can be applied to a limited number of other aromatic and heteroaromatic nitro compounds. Attempts to understand the observed selectivity in the VNS step led to the discovery of two new reaction pathways under VNS conditions, one leading to an isoxazole and the other resulting in the formal cyclopropanation of an aromatic nitro compound.
More Related Videos
07:30A Direct, Regioselective and Atom-Economical Synthesis of 3-Aroyl-N-hydroxy-5-nitroindoles by Cycloaddition of 4-Nitronitrosobenzene with Alkynones
Published on: January 21, 2020
07:06A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis
Published on: February 16, 2020
Related Concept Videos
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Addition–Elimination (SNAr)
The reaction begins with an attack of the nucleophile on the carbon that holds the leaving group. This results in the delocalization of the π electrons over the ring carbons. The resonance interaction between the...
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3
Directing Effect of Substituents: ortho–para-Directing Groups
meta-Directing Deactivators: –NO2, –CN, –CHO, –⁠CO2R, –COR, –CO2H
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo, or cyano...
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition