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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
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Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
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Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
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Fungal Phylum Basidiomycota

Basidiomycota is a diverse phylum of fungi that includes ecologically significant decomposers such as white rot fungi, symbionts like mycorrhizal fungi, plant pathogens such as rusts and smuts, and edible species like Agaricus bisporus (the common button mushroom). These fungi play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, symbiotic relationships, and even human health. Their defining feature is the basidium, a microscopic club-shaped structure responsible for producing basidiospores.Fruiting Bodies...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

From a Natural Product to Its Biosynthetic Gene Cluster: A Demonstration Using Polyketomycin from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes T&#252;6028
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From a Natural Product to Its Biosynthetic Gene Cluster: A Demonstration Using Polyketomycin from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes Tü6028

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Codinaeopsin, an antimalarial fungal polyketide.

Renee Kontnik1, Jon Clardy

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.

Organic Letters
|August 14, 2008
PubMed
Summary

A novel hybrid compound, codinaeopsin, was discovered in a Costa Rican fungus. This compound shows promising activity against Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite responsible for malaria.

Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Endophytic fungi are a rich source of novel bioactive compounds.
  • Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating new therapeutic agents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To isolate and characterize a new compound from an endophytic fungus.
  • To evaluate the antimalarial activity of the isolated compound.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of codinaeopsin from fungal cultures.
  • Structure elucidation using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry.
  • In vitro testing against Plasmodium falciparum.

Main Results:

  • A new tryptophan-polyketide hybrid, codinaeopsin, was identified.

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  • The structure features a unique heterocyclic linkage between indole and decalin moieties.
  • Codinaeopsin demonstrated significant antimalarial activity with an IC50 of 4.7 microM.

    • Conclusions:

    • Codinaeopsin represents a novel chemical scaffold with potential as an antimalarial drug.
    • Endophytic fungi continue to be a valuable resource for discovering new medicines.