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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

The Effect of Aging on Tissues

Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds the telomeric...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Surveying Low-Cost Methods to Measure Lifespan and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans
10:08

Surveying Low-Cost Methods to Measure Lifespan and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: May 18, 2022

Delayed and accelerated aging share common longevity assurance mechanisms.

Björn Schumacher1, Ingrid van der Pluijm, Michael J Moorhouse

  • 1Department of Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

Plos Genetics
|August 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals that both premature and extended aging in mice share suppressed endocrine and energy pathways, alongside heightened stress responses. Natural aging, however, shows a stronger gene expression link to premature aging, indicating biological age rather than longevity effects.

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A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 17, 2020

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Surveying Low-Cost Methods to Measure Lifespan and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Published on: May 18, 2022

A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
10:39

A Suppressor Screen for the Characterization of Genetic Links Regulating Chronological Lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Published on: September 17, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Aging Research
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Mutant dwarf and calorie-restricted mice exhibit extended lifespans and healthy aging.
  • Progeroid syndromes in mice, caused by DNA repair deficiencies, lead to premature aging and mortality.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these lifespan extremes is crucial for aging research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify conserved molecular mechanisms regulating mammalian longevity and aging.
  • To compare genome-wide gene expression profiles between long-lived and premature aging mouse models.
  • To investigate the relevance of these findings in natural aging processes across multiple organs.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide liver expression profiling of mutant dwarf, calorie-restricted, and progeroid syndrome mice.
  • Analysis of significantly over-represented biological pathways in gene expression data.
  • Transcriptome comparison across liver, lung, kidney, and spleen during natural aging in mice.
  • Validation using an independent aging cohort.

Main Results:

  • Significant genome-wide expression associations were found between progeroid and long-lived mice, contrary to expectations.
  • Both delayed and premature aging models showed suppressed endocrine/energy pathways and increased stress responses.
  • Natural aging across four organs demonstrated a systemic transcriptional response, mirroring pathways seen in both aging extremes.
  • Genome-wide transcriptomes of naturally aged mice strongly associated with progeroid aging, not long-lived aging.

Conclusions:

  • Endocrine and metabolic changes may represent survival responses to stress or starvation.
  • Genome-wide gene expression patterns in natural aging reflect biological age.
  • Distinguishing between pro-aging and anti-aging effects of interventions is possible by analyzing these distinct molecular signatures.