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Shaping ultrafast laser inscribed optical waveguides using a deformable mirror.

R R Thomson1, A S Bockelt, E Ramsay

  • 1School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, David Brewster Building, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Scotland. R.R.Thomson@hw.ac.uk

Optics Express
|August 20, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers controlled optical waveguide asymmetry using a deformable mirror and ultrafast lasers. This method allows for precise control over inscribed optical structures in glass slides.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optical Engineering
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Ultrafast laser inscription is a key technique for fabricating optical waveguides in glass.
  • Controlling the cross-sectional geometry of inscribed waveguides is crucial for optimizing optical performance.
  • Existing methods for controlling waveguide asymmetry are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of a two-dimensional deformable mirror for controlling the spatial profile of ultrafast laser pulses.
  • To demonstrate the ability to precisely control the asymmetry of ultrafast laser inscribed optical waveguides in soda-lime silica glass.
  • To characterize the optical performance of the fabricated waveguides.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a two-dimensional deformable mirror to shape the spatial profile of an ultrafast laser beam.

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  • Employed the shaped ultrafast laser beam to inscribe optical waveguides in a soda-lime silica glass slide.
  • Measured coupling and propagation losses using 1.55 µm light and single-mode fiber.

    • Main Results:

    • Demonstrated control over the asymmetry of the optical waveguide cross-section by adjusting the deformable mirror's curvature.
    • Achieved low coupling losses of approximately 0.2 dB/facet to Corning SMF-28 single-mode fiber.
    • Observed propagation losses of approximately 1.5 dB/cm for the optimized waveguides.

    Conclusions:

    • The deformable mirror technique offers precise control over ultrafast laser inscribed optical waveguide asymmetry.
    • This method enables tailoring waveguide geometry for specific optical applications.
    • The technique combines high processing speeds with the flexibility to vary waveguide cross-sections along their length.