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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children
09:32

Cortical Source Analysis of High-Density EEG Recordings in Children

Published on: June 30, 2014

Egalitarianism in young children.

Ernst Fehr1, Helen Bernhard, Bettina Rockenbach

  • 1University of Zurich, Institute for Empirical Research in Economics, Blumlisalpstrasse 10, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland. efehr@iew.uzh.ch

Nature
|August 30, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Children develop inequality aversion between ages 3 and 8, moving from selfish behavior to preferring fair resource distribution. This emerging egalitarianism is also shaped by in-group favoritism (parochialism).

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Social Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Human social interaction relies on other-regarding preferences, crucial for large-scale cooperation.
  • Understanding the developmental origins of these preferences, particularly in early childhood, remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectory of other-regarding preferences in young children.
  • To examine the emergence and form of inequality aversion between ages 3 and 8.
  • To explore the influence of parochialism on children's social preferences.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study tracking children's behavior across different age groups.
  • Experimental tasks assessing resource allocation and fairness preferences.

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  • Analysis of the interplay between inequality aversion and group affiliation.

    • Main Results:

    • Young children (3-4 years) predominantly exhibit selfish behavior.
    • Older children (7-8 years) show a significant increase in inequality aversion, preferring fairer distributions.
    • Inequality aversion is strongly influenced by parochialism, favoring in-group members.

    Conclusions:

    • Egalitarianism and parochialism have deep developmental roots in early childhood.
    • The simultaneous development of altruistic sharing and parochialism aligns with evolutionary theories.
    • Childhood development provides critical insights into the evolution of human sociality.