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Updated: Jul 2, 2026
08:47
The Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Model of Perinatal Ischemia
Published on: November 19, 2008
Risk factors for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in children
Tayyaba Khawar Butt1, Rehan Farooqui, M Aman Ullah Khan
1Department of Paediatrics, The Services Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore. tayyabutt@hotmail.com
Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP
|September 2, 2008
Summary
Delivery by unskilled attendants, prolonged labor, and lack of antenatal care significantly increase the risk of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in newborns. Improving maternal care can reduce HIE incidence.
Area of Science:
- Neonatalogy
- Obstetrics
- Public Health
Background:
- Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a serious condition affecting newborns.
- Identifying risk factors is crucial for prevention and management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine underlying risk factors in neonates diagnosed with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan.
- 153 neonates with HIE (cases) and 187 controls were analyzed.
- Risk factors including maternal characteristics and delivery circumstances were compared.
Main Results:
- Absence of antenatal care (OR 2.1), delivery in non-government hospitals (OR 3.8), prolonged second stage of labor (OR 6.3), and delivery by unskilled attendants (OR 3.2) were significant risk factors for HIE.
- Maternal age, parity, gestational age, and mode of delivery did not show significant differences.
Conclusions:
- Unskilled birth attendants, prolonged labor, non-government hospital births, and lack of antenatal care are significant risk factors for neonatal HIE.
- Enhancing antenatal and intrapartum care is recommended to decrease HIE prevalence.
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