Electrospinning of three-dimensional nanofibrous tubes with controllable architectures

This paper reports a novel static method to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) fibrous tubes composed of ultrafine electrospun fibers. By using this unique technique, micro and macro single tubes with multiple micropatterns, multiple interconnected tubes, and many tubes with the same or different sizes, shapes, structures, and patterns can be prepared synchronously. Parameters that could influence the order degree of patterned architectures have also been investigated. It is expected that electrospun tubes with controllable patterned architectures and 3D configurations may be attractive in many biomedical and industrial applications.