Recent advancement in drug delivery system.

Area of Science:

• Pharmacotherapy and Drug Delivery Systems
• Biomaterials Science
• Nanotechnology in Medicine

Background:

• Pharmacotherapy faces challenges in drug administration, safety, affordability, and efficacy, driving the need for improved drug delivery systems.
• Liposomes, composed of amphiphilic bilayers, are extensively studied lipid-based carriers that can encapsulate hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs.
• Liposomes reduce drug toxicity and facilitate targeted delivery, with surface modification like PEGylation (stealth liposomes) enhancing tissue targeting and evading immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of liposomes and emerging DNA-based strategies in advancing drug delivery.
• To highlight the mechanisms by which liposomes improve drug administration, safety, and efficacy.
• To discuss the potential and current limitations of novel therapeutic systems.

Main Methods:

• Review of scientific literature on liposome technology and DNA-based therapeutic systems.
• Analysis of liposome composition, drug encapsulation methods (hydrophilic/hydrophobic), and targeting strategies (e.g., PEGylation).
• Examination of the properties of pegylated proteins, polymers of lactic and glycolic acids, DNA vaccination, and antisense oligonucleotides as drug carriers.

Main Results:

• Liposomes effectively reduce drug toxicity and enable targeted delivery by releasing encapsulated drugs upon bilayer dissipation.
• Stealth liposomes, modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG), demonstrate improved targeting and resistance to phagocytosis and complement activation.
• DNA-based strategies, including DNA vaccination and antisense oligonucleotides, offer high selectivity and specificity with minimal adverse effects, though currently restricted to animal models and clinical trials.

Conclusions:

• Liposomes represent a well-established and versatile platform for enhancing drug delivery, safety, and efficacy.
• Emerging DNA-based therapeutic systems hold significant potential for highly specific and targeted treatments.
• Further research and clinical translation are necessary to fully realize the benefits of advanced drug delivery systems like liposomes and DNA-based therapies.