Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size reduction of the tissue.
The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:31

The Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Internal cellular stress, such as cellular injury or hypoxia, triggers intrinsic apoptosis. The B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family of proteins are the primary regulators of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. For example, during DNA damage, checkpoint proteins, such as Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM protein) and Checkpoints Factor-2 (Chk2) proteins, are activated. These proteins phosphorylate p53 which further activates pro-apoptotic proteins, such as Bax, Bak, PUMA, and Noxa, and inhibits...
Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy01:22

Cellular Injury V: Apoptosis and Autophagy

Cells respond to damage and stress through highly coordinated processes that decide whether they survive or undergo controlled self-destruction. Two major pathways involved in this regulation are apoptosis, a type of programmed cell death, and autophagy, a survival mechanism that helps cells adapt to adverse conditions.ApoptosisApoptosis removes aged or injured cells to maintain tissue balance. During this process, the cell shrinks, chromatin condenses and fragments, and membrane-bound...
Interactions Between Signaling Pathways01:19

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

GPR15-guided CD8<sup>+</sup> T regulatory cells control intestinal inflammation.

Nature·2026
Same author

Immunoregulatory gene <i>GIMAP6</i> suppresses lethal atherosclerotic vasculopathy and ischemic heart failure.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Multi-Omic Profiling Reveals Immune Cell Priming Signature Linked to Lupus Prognosis.

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026
Same author

Caspase 1-deficient humans survive into late adulthood despite dramatically lower canonical inflammasome activity.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology·2025
Same author

The impact of genetic immune disorders on infections including COVID-19, inflammatory bowel disease and cancer.

Nature immunology·2025
Same author

CARD11 signaling regulates CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell tumoricidal function.

Nature immunology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
09:18

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

Published on: December 27, 2016

Apoptosis signaling pathways.

Richard M Siegel1, Michael J Lenardo

  • 1National Institute of Allergy & Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Current Protocols in Cytometry
|September 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell death, or apoptosis, involves complex molecular signaling pathways. This commentary explores active and passive apoptosis, crucial for understanding cell balance and disease.

More Related Videos

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
12:55

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

Detection and Isolation of Apoptotic Bodies to High Purity
12:17

Detection and Isolation of Apoptotic Bodies to High Purity

Published on: August 12, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2026

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
09:18

Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death

Published on: December 27, 2016

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis
12:55

Strategies for Tracking Anastasis, A Cell Survival Phenomenon that Reverses Apoptosis

Published on: February 16, 2015

Detection and Isolation of Apoptotic Bodies to High Purity
12:17

Detection and Isolation of Apoptotic Bodies to High Purity

Published on: August 12, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Apoptosis is a regulated process of programmed cell death.
  • Molecular signals control pathways promoting cell survival or death.
  • These pathways interact with cell proliferation signals to maintain homeostasis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the molecular signals governing apoptosis.
  • To describe two major apoptosis pathways: antigen-induced and lymphokine-withdrawal.
  • To provide background for flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and commentary on existing research.
  • Discussion of molecular signaling in apoptosis.
  • Conceptual overview of active and passive apoptosis.

Main Results:

  • Identification of crosstalk between apoptosis and proliferation pathways.
  • Characterization of antigen-induced (active) apoptosis.
  • Characterization of lymphokine-withdrawal (passive) apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • Apoptosis is a critical, active process regulated by intricate molecular pathways.
  • Understanding these pathways is essential for maintaining cellular balance.
  • This commentary sets the stage for experimental analysis of apoptosis using flow cytometry.