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Related Concept Videos

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

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Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the concentration...
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Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
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Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) Microscopy Visualizes Pharmaceutical Tablets During Dissolution
09:59

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Hydrodynamic, mass transfer, and dissolution effects induced by tablet location during dissolution testing.

Ge Bai1, Piero M Armenante

  • 1Otto H. York Department of Chemical, Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 M. L. King Boulevard, Newark, New Jersey 07102-1982, USA.

Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
|September 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tablet placement significantly impacts dissolution rates. Off-center tablets in dissolution testing apparatus show higher dissolution and mass transfer rates compared to centered ones, validated by CFD modeling.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Tablets in USP Dissolution Testing Apparatus II are often positioned off-center on the vessel bottom.
  • The impact of this off-center positioning on dissolution rates and critical process parameters is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of tablet location on strain rates and dissolution rates using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental methods.
  • To develop and validate a CFD-based model for predicting mass transfer coefficients and dissolution profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a validated CFD approach to predict velocity profiles and strain rates for off-center tablet positions.
  • Conducted experimental dissolution tests with non-disintegrating (salicylic acid) and disintegrating (Prednisone) tablets at various locations.
  • Derived a CFD-based model to predict mass transfer coefficients and compared predictions with experimental results.

Main Results:

  • Off-center tablets, both disintegrating and non-disintegrating, exhibited higher experimental dissolution rates than centered tablets.
  • CFD analysis revealed non-uniform strain rate distribution along the vessel bottom, correlating well with experimental mass transfer coefficients.
  • The CFD-based model accurately predicted mass transfer rates and dissolution profiles for non-disintegrating tablets.

Conclusions:

  • Tablet location within the dissolution vessel significantly influences the dissolution profile.
  • Off-center tablet placement leads to enhanced dissolution and mass transfer rates.
  • The developed CFD model provides a reliable tool for predicting mass transfer and dissolution for non-disintegrating tablets.