[Epidemiology of CKD in Japan]

Concept of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is widely accepted, since it is a risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and cardiovascular disease. In Japan, the prevalence of ESRD is increasing and is currently more than 2,000 per million populations. More than 40% of incident ESRD is due to diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of a low glomerular filtration rate (GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) is estimated to be 10% of the adult population. Studies based on several community-based screening programs suggest that Japan has a higher prevalence of CKD than any other countries. Early detection through urine test for proteinuria and measurement of serum creatinine is strongly recommended. Goal of treatment of CKD is to decrease the incidence of ESRD and cardiovascular disease.