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Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute pancreatitis is the sudden inflammation of the pancreas caused by the early activation of digestive enzymes, leading to the autodigestion of pancreatic tissue. This results in local inflammation and, in severe cases, systemic complications.EtiologyUnderstanding the underlying causes is crucial, as identifying the etiology guides treatment and anticipates complications. Acute pancreatitis can be triggered by various factors, typically grouped into the following clinical categories.Biliary...

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Acute Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach. It can be either acute or chronic.
Acute pancreatitis is characterized by rapid inflammation of the pancreas, often caused by factors like gallstone blockage or excessive alcohol consumption. Chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, is a slow, progressive inflammation that may result from long-term alcohol abuse, obstructions in the pancreatic duct, or genetic factors.
The causes of acute pancreatitis include:

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Acute Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis centers on injury to pancreatic acinar cells, which initiates a cascade of harmful intracellular events.This injury leads to premature activation of trypsinogen to trypsin in the pancreas. Trypsin then activates other digestive enzymes, such as chymotrypsin, elastase, and phospholipase A2, which begin breaking down pancreatic tissue. The resulting autodigestion causes local inflammation, tissue swelling, hemorrhage, and fat necrosis.Injured acinar cells...

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Preparing a Mice Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis via a Combination of Caerulein and Lipopolysaccharide Intraperitoneal Injection

Preparing a Mice Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis via a Combination of Caerulein and Lipopolysaccharide Intraperitoneal Injection

Published on: May 10, 2024

Pancreatic panniculitis.

Diana García-Romero¹, Francisco Vanaclocha

¹Department of Dermatology, Planta Baja Maternidad, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Avda de Córdoba s/n, 28041 Madrid, Spain.

Dermatologic Clinics

|September 17, 2008

Summary

Pancreatic panniculitis, a rare condition linked to pancreatic disease, presents as painful skin nodules. Treatment focuses on the underlying pancreatic issue.

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Gastroenterology
Pathology

Background:

Pancreatic panniculitis is an infrequent manifestation of pancreatic disorders, primarily pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.
Its exact cause is unclear, but pancreatic enzymes may compromise blood vessel integrity, leading to fat necrosis.
The condition often appears before the pancreatic disease is diagnosed.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the clinical and histopathologic features of pancreatic panniculitis.
To highlight the association between pancreatic panniculitis and pancreatic diseases.
To emphasize the importance of treating the underlying pancreatic condition.

Main Methods:

Review of clinical presentations of patients with pancreatic panniculitis.

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A Simple and Rapid Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Primary Islets and Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Mice

A Simple and Rapid Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Primary Islets and Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Mice

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Last Updated: Jul 1, 2026

Preparing a Mice Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis via a Combination of Caerulein and Lipopolysaccharide Intraperitoneal Injection

Preparing a Mice Model of Severe Acute Pancreatitis via a Combination of Caerulein and Lipopolysaccharide Intraperitoneal Injection

Published on: May 10, 2024

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Pancreatic Abscess

Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Debridement and Drainage for Pancreatic Abscess

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A Simple and Rapid Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Primary Islets and Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Mice

A Simple and Rapid Method for Simultaneous Isolation of Primary Islets and Primary Pancreatic Acinar Cells from Mice

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Analysis of histopathologic findings, including characteristic 'ghost cells'.

Correlation of panniculitis presentation with pancreatic disease diagnosis and management.

Main Results:

Pancreatic panniculitis typically manifests as tender, red-brown nodules on the lower extremities, which can ulcerate and exude oily fluid.
Histopathology reveals lobular panniculitis without vasculitis, featuring ghost cells indicative of necrotic and calcified fat.
The skin lesions frequently precede the diagnosis of the associated pancreatic disease.

Conclusions:

Pancreatic panniculitis serves as a potential cutaneous marker for underlying pancreatic pathology.
Prompt recognition and investigation of pancreatic disease are crucial in patients presenting with these specific skin lesions.
Management should prioritize addressing the primary pancreatic condition to resolve the panniculitis.