Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure to...

Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates, such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow. Administered...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

New International Editorial Board Members-March 2026.

JAMA surgery·2026

Same author

Personalized Prehabilitation.

JAMA surgery·2026

Same author

New International Editorial Board Members-March 2026.

JAMA surgery·2026

Same author

Nitric Oxide-releasing Nanofibers Prevent Restenosis After Arterial Injury in a Renal Failure Model.

The Journal of surgical research·2026

Same author

JAMA Surgery-The Year in Review, 2025.

JAMA surgery·2026

Same author

New Editorial Board Member-January 2026.

JAMA surgery·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Rapid Formation and Testing of Self-expanding NiTi Frames with a Small Form Factor Suitable for Minimally Invasive Implants

Rapid Formation and Testing of Self-expanding NiTi Frames with a Small Form Factor Suitable for Minimally Invasive Implants

Published on: March 7, 2025

Basic science review: nitric oxide--releasing prosthetic materials.

Vinit N Varu¹, Nick D Tsihlis, Melina R Kibbe

¹Division of Vascular Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

|September 19, 2008

Summary

Nitric oxide (NO)-releasing prosthetic devices can prevent blood clot formation, improving cardiovascular treatments. This review explores NO-releasing materials and their clinical applications to enhance medical device performance.

More Related Videos

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

Published on: February 25, 2016

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Rapid Formation and Testing of Self-expanding NiTi Frames with a Small Form Factor Suitable for Minimally Invasive Implants

Rapid Formation and Testing of Self-expanding NiTi Frames with a Small Form Factor Suitable for Minimally Invasive Implants

Published on: March 7, 2025

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

Published on: February 25, 2016

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Cardiovascular Medicine
Medical Device Engineering

Background:

Prosthetic devices in contact with blood, such as vascular grafts, stents, sensors, and catheters, often fail due to thrombus formation.
Systemic anticoagulation used to prevent device malfunction carries risks of serious complications.
Native blood vessels are thromboresistant due to nitric oxide (NO) produced by the endothelium.

Purpose of the Study:

To review NO-releasing materials designed to prevent prosthetic device thrombosis.
To examine the clinical applications of these NO-releasing prosthetics for cardiovascular disease treatment.

Main Methods:

Review of literature on NO-releasing materials.
Categorization of NO donors into diazeniumdiolates and S-nitrosothiols.
Analysis of clinical applications and potential of NO-releasing prosthetics.

Main Results:

Various NO-releasing materials have been developed using diazeniumdiolates and S-nitrosothiols.
Local NO delivery to prosthetic surfaces shows potential to inhibit thrombus formation.
These materials offer a promising strategy to improve the hemocompatibility of cardiovascular devices.

Conclusions:

NO-releasing materials represent a significant advancement in preventing prosthetic thrombosis.
Local NO delivery can mitigate the risks associated with systemic anticoagulation.
Further clinical evaluation of these NO-releasing prosthetics is warranted for widespread adoption.