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Skin Cancer

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...

Pigmentation

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs

FDA Approved Drugs: Changes to Approved Drugs

Post-approval, manufacturers may modify an approved new or generic drug product. Such modifications can encompass alterations in the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), manufacturing process, formulation, batch size, manufacturing site, and container closure system (FDA Guidance for Industry, April 2004). Often, a drug product may undergo multiple changes.These modifications require careful evaluation to determine their potential impact on the drug product's identity, strength, quality,...

Mutations

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...

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Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Published on: May 28, 2013

Update on sunscreens.

R Bissonnette¹

¹Innovaderm Research, Montreal, QC, Canada.

Skin Therapy Letter

|September 23, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sunscreens now offer broader protection beyond sunburn, preventing skin damage like cancer and photoaging. Recent advances focus on improved sunscreen formulations for enhanced photoprotection against ultraviolet radiation.

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The Evolution of Silica Nanoparticle-polyester Coatings on Surfaces Exposed to Sunlight

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The Evolution of Silica Nanoparticle-polyester Coatings on Surfaces Exposed to Sunlight

The Evolution of Silica Nanoparticle-polyester Coatings on Surfaces Exposed to Sunlight

Published on: October 11, 2016

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Photoprotection research

Background:

Sunscreens have evolved over 70 years from sunburn prevention to broader skin health applications.
Understanding of ultraviolet (UV) radiation's harmful effects has expanded sunscreen utility.
Inclusion of effective UVA agents broadens benefits to preventing photodermatosis, actinic keratoses, skin cancer, and photoaging.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent advancements in photoprotection.
To discuss the development of novel sunscreen formulations.
To highlight sunscreens offering higher and broader protection against solar radiation.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent advances in photoprotection.
Analysis of sunscreen formulation developments.
Evaluation of sunscreen efficacy against UV radiation.

Main Results:

Sunscreens have advanced significantly in their protective capabilities.
New formulations provide enhanced and broader spectrum UV protection.
Photoprotection now extends to preventing various UV-induced skin conditions.

Conclusions:

Modern sunscreens offer comprehensive protection against harmful UV radiation.
Ongoing research yields improved sunscreen formulations for better skin health.
Effective photoprotection is crucial for preventing skin cancer and aging.